88888008: Excision of lesion of duodenum (procedure)

SNOMED CT Concept\Procedure\...

\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Upper gastrointestinal operation (procedure)\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Upper digestive tract operation\Upper gastrointestinal operation (procedure)\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Intentional, structural alteration of the human body by mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromagnetic, or chemical means, and/or by the incision or destruction of tissues using instruments to cut, burn, vaporise, freeze, suture, probe, or manipulate by closed reductions.\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum

\Procedure by method (procedure)\To take something off or out, to get rid of, to eliminate\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\To take something off or out, to get rid of, to eliminate\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\To take something off or out, to get rid of, to eliminate\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\To take something off or out, to get rid of, to eliminate\Surgical removal (procedure)\Excision\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operative procedure on digestive organ\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Upper gastrointestinal operation (procedure)\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Gastrointestinal tract excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Operation on gastrointestinal tract\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operative procedure on digestive system\Operation on digestive tract\Upper digestive tract operation\Upper gastrointestinal operation (procedure)\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Trunk excision (procedure)\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen excision\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Excision of intestinal structure\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Small intestine excision\Partial excision of small intestine\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum
\Procedure by method (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on intestine\Operative procedure on small intestine\Operation on duodenum (procedure)\Duodenectomy (procedure)\Excision of lesion of duodenum

Status: current, Sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jul 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module

147384018 Excision of lesion of duodenum en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

831665012 Excision of lesion of duodenum (procedure) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

1235390014 Excision of duodenal lesion en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

147384018 Excision of lesion of duodenum en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Only initial character case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

147384018 Excision of lesion of duodenum en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

831665012 Excision of lesion of duodenum (procedure) en Fully specified name Active Only initial character case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

831665012 Excision of lesion of duodenum (procedure) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

1235390014 Excision of duodenal lesion en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Only initial character case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

1235390014 Excision of duodenal lesion en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

4680831000241118 résection de lésion de duodénum fr Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module

4680831000241118 résection de lésion de duodénum fr Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	Abdomen excision	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	Operation on duodenum (procedure)	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Procedure site	Duodenal structure (body structure)	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	1
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Method (attribute)	Excision - action	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	1
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	Small intestine excision	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Direct morphology	Morphologically abnormal structure	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	1
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	Excision of lesion of small intestine (procedure)	true	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Duodenal structure (body structure)	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	1
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Direct morphology	Morphologically abnormal structure	false	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	1
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Duodenal structure (body structure)	true	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	2
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Method (attribute)	Excision - action	true	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	2
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Direct morphology	Lesion	true	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)	2
Excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	Duodenectomy (procedure)	true	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)

Inbound Relationships	Type	Active	Source	Characteristic	Refinability	Group
Excision of cyst of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of duodenal atresia (procedure)	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of duodenal web (procedure)	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Endoscopic excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Diverticulectomy of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of diverticulum of ampulla of Vater	Is a	False	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of redundant mucosa from duodenostomy	Is a	False	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Snare resection of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Duodenal ulcer excision	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of lesion of ampulla of Vater	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of redundant mucosa from duodenostomy	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Excision of polyp of duodenum (procedure)	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Local excision of lesion of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)
Open extirpation of lesion of duodenum	Is a	True	Excision of lesion of duodenum	Inferred relationship	Existential restriction modifier (core metadata concept)

This concept is not in any reference sets