202198008: Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)

SNOMED CT Concept\Clinical finding (finding)\...

\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Toe finding (finding)\Finding of musculoskeletal structure of toe\Finding of joint of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Toe finding (finding)\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Toe finding (finding)\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Foot joint finding\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Foot joint finding\Finding of joint of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Finding of ankle or foot (finding)\Finding of foot region\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Finding of limb structure\Finding of lower limb\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)

\Musculoskeletal finding\Finding of musculoskeletal structure of toe\Finding of joint of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Foot joint finding\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Joint finding\Foot joint finding\Finding of joint of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Injury of musculoskeletal system\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Musculoskeletal finding\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)

\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of joint region\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Traumatic or non-traumatic injury (disorder)\Nontraumatic injury (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Traumatic or non-traumatic injury (disorder)\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Traumatic or non-traumatic injury (disorder)\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Traumatic or non-traumatic injury (disorder)\Injury of musculoskeletal system\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Injury of musculoskeletal system\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Joint injury\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of body system\Disorder of musculoskeletal system\Disorder of skeletal system\Arthropathy (disorder)\Dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of joint\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Dislocation of joint of digit (disorder)\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of digit\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of joint of ankle and/or foot\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of joint of foot (disorder)\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Disorder of toe\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Disorder of free lower limb (disorder)\Disorder of foot (disorder)\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of foot\Dislocation of toe joint\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Dislocation of joint of lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)
\Disease\Disorder of limb (disorder)\Disorder of lower limb\Injury of lower limb\Injury of free lower limb\Injury of foot\Injury of toe\Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)

Status: current, Sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jul 2004. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module

310381018 Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

587155013 Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Pathological dislocation of joint	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Injury of body region	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Finding site	Body organ structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Finding site	Interphalangeal toe joint structure (body structure)	false	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Associated morphology	Dislocation	true	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Dislocation of toe joint	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Pathological dislocation of the lower leg	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Associated morphology	Spontaneous dislocation	false	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Pathological dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder)	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Associated morphology	Spontaneous dislocation	false	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Finding site	Interphalangeal toe joint structure (body structure)	true	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Due to	Spontaneous event (event)	true	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Associated morphology	Damage	false	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Pathological dislocation of toe interphalangeal joint (disorder)	Is a	Injury of toe	true	Inferred relationship	Some

Inbound Relationships

Type

Active

Source

Characteristic

Refinability

Group

This concept is not in any reference sets