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89545001: Face structure (body structure)

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module
148464015 Face en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
508558018 Face structure en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
832461013 Face structure (body structure) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

1760 descendants. Search Descendants:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships Type Target Active Characteristic Refinability Group Values
Face structure Is a Face and/or neck structure (body structure) false Inferred relationship Some
Face structure Is a Head part false Inferred relationship Some
Face structure Part of Entire head false Additional relationship Some
Face structure Is a Structure of subregion of head true Inferred relationship Some
Face structure Is a Face and/or neck structure (body structure) true Inferred relationship Some
Inbound Relationships Type Active Source Characteristic Refinability Group
Familial omphalocele syndrome with facial dysmorphism is a rare genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by omphalocele associated with facial dysmorphism including flat face, short, upturned nose, long and wide philtrum and flattened maxillary arch and abnormalities of hands. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Open wound of face due to dog bite Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by obesity, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (synophrys, high-arched eyebrows, large posteriorly rotated ears, upturned nose, long smooth philtrum, overbite and high palate), large hands and limb hypotonia. Additional features include seizures and behavioral abnormalities. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay and borderline to severe intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder with obsessive behavior, stereotypies, hyperactivity but frequently friendly and affable personality, feeding difficulties, short stature, muscular hypotonia, microcephaly, characteristic dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, high arched eyebrows, ptosis, deep and/or broad nasal bridge, broad/prominent nasal tip, short and/or upturned philtrum, narrow mouth, and micrognathia), and skeletal anomalies (kyphosis and/or scoliosis, arthrogryposis, slender habitus and extremities). Other clinical features may include hernias, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism and seizures. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by facial dysmorphism with malar hypoplasia and high forehead, immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections, impaired growth (with normal growth hormone production and response) resulting in short stature, and livedo affecting face and extremities. Immunological analyses show low memory B-cell and naïve T cell counts, decreased T cell proliferation, and reduced IgM, IgG2 and IgG4 titers. Patients do not exhibit increased susceptibility to cancer. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Oculodentodigital syndrome Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the following congenital malformations: hydrocephalus (due to Dandy-Walker anomaly), cleft palate, and severe joint contractures. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital cataract, sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay with variable degrees of intellectual disability, seizures, short stature, brachycephaly, and dysmorphic facial features (such as flat facial appearance, ptosis, short nasal tip, long philtrum, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, and small mouth). Additional reported manifestations are skeletal abnormalities, nail dystrophy, mammary gland hypoplasia, and autism spectrum disorder. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Opodidymus Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Arteriovenous malformation of face (disorder) Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Carpenter Waziri syndrome Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Hall-Riggs syndrome is a very rare syndrome consisting of microcephaly with facial dysmorphism, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and severe intellectual deficit. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Cephalodiprosopus Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, marfanoid habitus, cardiac anomalies, neurological abnormalities, and intellectual disability. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome is characterized by congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs, atrial septal defect and a characteristic facies (a round face with a prominent forehead, a flat nasal bridge with a broad nasal tip, epicanthal folds, a thin upper lip and a cleft chin). It has been described in two brothers and a sister. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Mohr syndrome Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Beemer-Ertbruggen syndrome is a lethal malformation syndrome reported in 2 brothers of first-cousin parents that is characterized by hydrocephalus, cardiac malformation, dense bones, and unusual facies with down-slanting palpebral fissures, bulbous nose, broad nasal bridge, micrognathia and a long upper lip. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare orofaciodigital syndrome characterised by median cleft of the upper lip, postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and oral manifestations (duplicated frenulum). Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Janiceps Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by diffuse cartilage calcification, brachytelephalangism, peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses and facial dysmorphism. Vascular calcification has been reported in some cases. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare systemic or rheumatologic disease characterized by peripheral osteolysis (especially carpal and tarsal bones), interphalangeal joint erosions, subcutaneous fibrocollagenous nodules, facial dysmorphism, and a wide range of associated manifestations. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Pseudoaminopterin syndrome is a developmental anomalies syndrome that resembles the aminopterin embryopathy without history of fetal exposure to aminopterin. It is characterized by skull (craniosynostosis and poorly mineralized cranial vault), dysmorphic (ocular hypertelorism, palpebral fissure anomalies, micrognathia cleft lip and/or high arched palate and small and low set/rotated ears) and limb (brachydactyly, syndactyly and clinodactyly) anomalies, associated with mild-to-moderate intellectual deficit and short stature. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare central nervous system malformation characterized by severe intellectual deficit, early hypotonia with progression to spasticity and contractures, choreoathetosis, seizures, dysmorphic face (long face with prominent forehead), and brain imaging abnormalities such as Dandy-Walker malformation, and iron deposition. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
An extremely rare type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita characterized by the combination of multiple joint contractures with movement limitation, microstomia with a whistling appearance of the mouth that may cause feeding, swallowing, and speech difficulties, a distinctive expressionless facies, severe developmental delay, central and autonomous nervous system dysfunction (excessive salivation, temperature instability, myoclonic epileptic fits, bradycardia), occasionally Pierre-Robin sequence, and lethality generally occurring during the first months of life. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-whistling face syndrome has been suggested to be a fetal akinesia deformation sequence. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Shprintzen-Goldberg omphalocele syndrome is a very rare inherited malformation syndrome characterized by omphalocele, scoliosis, mild dysmorphic features (downslanted palpebral fissures, s-shaped eyelids and thin upper lip), laryngeal and pharyngeal hypoplasia and learning disabilities. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare orofacial clefting syndrome characterized by the association of Pierre Robin sequence (retrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis) with facial dysmorphism (high forehead with frontal bossing) and digital anomalies (tapering fingers, hyperconvex nails, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers and short distal phalanges, finger-like thumbs and easily subluxated first metacarpophalangeal joints). Growth and mental development were normal. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Crisponi syndrome (CS) is a severe disorder characterized by muscular contractions at birth, intermittent hyperthermia, facial abnormalities and camptodactyly. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Ichthyosis-oral and digital anomalies syndrome is characterized by ichthyosis, unusual facies (small mouth with a thin upper lip and lower lip with a midline groove) and digital anomalies (tapered fingers with a lack of distal flexion creases and wide spacing between the second and third fingers). It has been described in two siblings born to first cousin parents. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
German syndrome is an autosomal recessive arthrogryposis syndrome, described in 5 cases. Three of the four known families with affected children were Ashkenazi Jews. German syndrome is characterized by arthrogryposis, hypotonia-hypokinesia sequence, and lymphedema. Patients present distinct craniofacial appearance (tall forehead and carp-shaped mouth, cleft palate), contractures, severe hypotonia manifesting as motor delay, and swallowing difficulties. The disease has a severe morbidity and mortality rate and survivors present a small stature, hypotonia, frequent upper respiratory infections, and psychomotor delay. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by the association of facial and skeletal anomalies with severe intellectual deficit and occasional genitourinary anomalies. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A very rare disorder associating pseudopapilledema (optic disc swelling not secondary to increased intracranial pressure), mixed hearing loss, facial dysmorphism and limb extremity anomalies. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Dysmorphism-short stature-deafness-disorder of sex development syndrome is characterized by dysmorphism (including facial asymmetry, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, broad and flat nasal bridge, microtia, small nose with anteverted nostrils, micrognathia), deafness, cleft palate, male pseudohermaphroditism, and growth and psychomotor retardation. It has been described in two siblings. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare hereditary ataxia characterized by unusual facies (i.e. gross, rough and abundant hair, mild palpebral ptosis, thick lips, and down-curved corners of the mouth), dysarthria, delayed psychomotor development, scoliosis, foot deformities, and ataxia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A very rare syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, horseshoe kidney, and congenital heart defects. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by holoprosencephaly, predominantly radial limb deficiency (absent thumbs, phocomelia), heart defects, kidney malformations and absence of gallbladder. Variable manifestations include vertebral anomalies, cleft lip/palate, microphthalmia, absent nose, dysplastic ears, hearing loss, colobomas of the iris and retina and/or bifid uvula. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A distinct form of Crouzon disease associated with acanthosis nigricans caused by a specific mutation (p.Ala391Glu) in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with variable penetrance. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 9 is characterized by highly arched palate with bifid tongue and bilateral supernumerary lower canines, hamartomatous tongue, multiple frenula, hypertelorism, telecanthus, strabismus, broad and/or bifid nasal tip, short stature, bifid halluces, forked metatarsal, poly- and syndactyly, mild intellectual deficit and specific retinal abnormalities (bilateral optic disc coloboma and retinal dysplasia with partial detachment). Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (including a long face, deep-set eyes, narrow-based, broad nose with nostril colobomata, mandibular prognathism), hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, eunuchoid habitus, diabetes mellitus type 1, and epilepsy. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Wilson-Turner syndrome (WTS) is a very rare X-linked multisystem genetic disease characterized by intellectual disability, truncal obesity, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, dysmorphic facial features, and short stature. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
This newly described syndrome is characterized by osteosclerosis, developmental delay and craniosynostosis. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia is characterized by complete blindness due to corneal opacities, difficult mastication due to temporomandibular fusion and anomalies of the arms. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Orofacial-digital syndrome III Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Macrocephaly-spastic paraplegia-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by macrocephaly (of post-natal onset) with large anterior fontanelle, progressive complex spastic paraplegia, dysmorphic facial features (broad and high forehead, deeply set eyes, short philtrum with thin upper lip, large mouth and prominent incisors), seizures, and intellectual deficit of varying severity. Inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Diprosopus tetrophthalmus Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
An early-onset distal osteolysis characterized by severe resorption of the hands and feet and absence of the distal and middle phalanges. It has been described in a son and daughter born to consanguineous parents. Other manifestations include distal muscular hypertrophy, flexion contractures, short stature, mild intellectual deficit and characteristic facies (maxillary hypoplasia, exophthalmos, and a broad nasal tip). It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Orofacial-digital syndrome IV Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Radioulnar synostosis-developmental delay-hypotonia syndrome, also known as Der Kaloustian-McIntosh-Silver syndrome, is an extremely rare syndrome with synostosis described in about 4 patients to date with clinical manifestations including congenital unilateral radioulnar synostosis, generalized hypotonia, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features (long face, prominent nose and ears). Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare syndromic genetic deafness characterized by profound congenital bilateral sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, generalized delay in bone maturation, short stature, epiphyseal dysplasia particularly of the capital femoral epiphyses, and mild dysmorphic facial features such as prominent forehead and small, pointed chin. Bilateral obstruction of lacrimal ducts and inguinal and umbilical hernias have also been described. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Diprosopus Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Facial dysmorphism-shawl scrotum-joint laxity syndrome is characterized by facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, telecanthus, downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, malar hypoplasia, broad nasal bridge, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, and low-set prominent ears) and associated with joint anomalies (genu valgum or cubitus valgus, hyper-extensible joints, etc.). It has been described in two patients (a mother and her son). The boy also had hypoplastic shawl scrotum and cryptorchidism, and the mother had mild intellectual deficit. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Microlissencephaly-micromelia syndrome is a syndrome of abnormal cortical development, characterized by severe prenatal polyhydramnios, postnatal microcephaly, lissencephaly, upper limb micromelia, dysmorphic facies (coarse face, hypertrichosis, and short nose with long philtrum), intractable seizures, and early death. Hypoparathyroidism was noted in one case. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
An extremely rare lethal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by massive birth weight, swollen globular body, generalized edema, short limbs, postaxial polydactyly, thick skin, facial dysmorphism (slanted palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, dysplastic ears), excessive connective tissue, renal dysplasia, and in some patients, organomegaly, craniosynostosis with acrocephaly, omphalocele, cleft palate, and cryptorchidism. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported to date. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal face and distal limb anomalies (disorder) Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Cernunnos-XLF deficiency is a rare form of combined immunodeficiency characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, and T and B cell lymphopenia. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Oro-facial digital syndrome type 10 (disorder) Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A form of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by a short stature of prenatal onset, alopecia, ichthyosis, photophobia, ectrodactyly, seizures, scoliosis, multiple contractures, fusions of various bones (particularly elbows, carpals, metacarpals, and spine), intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism (microdolichocephaly, madarosis, large ears and long nose). ACD syndrome overlaps with ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia syndrome. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Jawad syndrome is a rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital microcephaly with facial dysmorphism (sloping forehead, prominent nose, mild retrognathia), moderate to severe, non-progressive intellectual disability and symmetrical digital malformations of variable degree, including brachydactyly of the fifth fingers with single flexion crease, clinodactyly, syndactyly, polydactyly and hallux valgus. Congenital anonychia and white café au lait-like spots on the skin of hands and feet are also associated. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Ramos-Arroyo syndrome (RAS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by corneal anesthesia, retinal abnormalities, bilateral hearing loss, distinct facies, patent ductus arteriosus, Hirschsprung disease, short stature, and intellectual disability. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Trisomy 10p is a syndrome of mental retardation/multiple congenital malformations (MR-MCA) that is caused by the total or partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 10. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, neuropathic visceral dysmotility (resulting in neurogenic megacystis and sometimes chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome), intracerebral calcifications, and dysmorphic facial features (including broad forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, strabismus, protruding and low-set ears, and retrognathia). Microcephaly and renal abnormalities have also been reported. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by macrocephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, variable degree of spastic paraplegia, central nervous system malformations (hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation), and dysmorphic features, such as high and broad forehead, midface hypoplasia, and small and broad hands and feet. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A very rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by the presence of anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, facial cleft and sacral neural tube defects, along with various additional anomalies including congenital glaucoma, iris coloboma, primary hyperplastic vitreous, hypertelorism, low-set ears, clinodactyly, choanal atresia/stenosis, dysgenesis of sacrum, tethering of spinal cord, syringomyelia, hypoplasia of corpus callosum, cerebral ventriculomegaly and endocrine abnormalities. An autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Microcephaly-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, deafness, intellectual deficit and facial dysmorphism (facial asymmetry, prominent glabella, low-set and cup-shaped ears, protruding lower lip, micrognathia). It has been described in a mother and her son. The mode of inheritance is probably autosomal dominant. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Okamoto syndrome Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, psychomotor retardation, flat face and some features resembling Marfan syndrome, such as tall stature, dolichostenomelia, arm span larger than height, arachnodactyly of hands and feet, little subcutaneous fat, and muscle hypotonia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, varying degrees of intellectual disability, short stature, and dysmorphic facial features (such as telecanthus, epicanthic folds, broad nasal root, malar hypoplasia, low-set ears, dental anomalies, and micrognathia). Additional reported manifestations include microcephaly, renal and genitourinary abnormalities, widely spaced, hypoplastic nipples, and adult onset of progressive pancytopenia. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Deafness-craniofacial syndrome is characterized by the association of congenital hearing loss and facial dysmorphism (facial asymmetry, a broad nasal root and small nasal alae). It has been described in two members (father and daughter) of one Jewish family. Temporal alopecia was also noted. Transmission appeared to be autosomal dominant. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterised by severe to profound intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia in childhood, delayed walking, delayed or minimal/absent speech, behavioural abnormalities including aggressiveness, agitation, and self-injurious behaviour, and dysmorphic facial features (such as triangular face with high forehead, prominent ears, and small, pointed chin). Additional reported manifestations include microcephaly, short stature, and seizures, among others. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare polymalformative syndrome characterized by agenesis of corpus callosum (CC), distal anomalies of limbs, minor craniofacial anomalies and intellectual disability. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Cantu type is an extremely rare type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia described in about 5 patients to date and characterized by clinical signs including short stature, peculiar facies with blepharophimosis, upward slanted eyes, abundant eyebrows and eyelashes, coarse voice, and short hands and feet (brachymetacarpalia, brachymetatarsia and brachyphalangia). Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, complex, vascular malformation syndrome characterized by capillary malformation of the lower lip, lymphatic malformation of the face and neck, asymmetry of face and limbs, and partial or generalized overgrowth involving one or more body segments. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A Noonan-related syndrome, characterized by facial anomalies suggestive of Noonan syndrome, loose anagen hair, frequent congenital heart defects, distinctive skin features (darkly pigmented skin, keratosis pilaris, eczema or icthyosis), and short stature that is often associated with a growth hormone deficiency. Psychomotor delay with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently observed. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Arteriovenous malformation of frontonasal process Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Juberg-Hayward syndrome is a polymalformative syndrome that associates multiple skeletal anomalies with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, urogenital anomalies and intellectual deficit. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Orofaciodigital syndrome type 11 is an extremely rare, sporadic form of Orofaciodigital syndrome with only a few reported cases, and characterized by facial (blepharophimosis, bulbous nasal tip, broad nasal bridge, downslanting palpebral fissures and low set ears) and skeletal (post-axial polydactyly and fusion of vertebrae) malformations along with severe intellectual disability, deafness and congenital heart defects. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Intellectual disability-balding-patella luxation-acromicria syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, patella luxations, acromicria, hypogonadism, facial dysmorphism (including midface hypoplasia and premature frontotemporal balding). It has been described in three unrelated males. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by microcephaly, developmental delay and intellectual disability, postnatal growth retardation, dysmorphic craniofacial features (including sloping forehead, beaked nose, large and protruding ears, micrognathia, high-arched palate, and craniosynostosis), immunologic abnormalities with transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy and defective chemotaxis leading to recurrent infections, as well as autoimmune/autoinflammatory phenomena. Skeletal anomalies and hypogonadism have also been reported. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, subcortical cerebral atrophy, dental anomalies, patella luxation, lower back skin dimple, and dysmorphic facial features. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Moyamoya angiopathy - short stature - facial dysmorphism - hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a very rare, hereditary, neurological, dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moyamoya disease, short stature of postnatal onset, and stereotyped facial dysmorphism. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare neurologic disease characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, multiple ischemic lesions in brain MRI, behavioral abnormalities, dystonia, choreic movements and pyramidal syndrome, facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, arched palate, macroglossia), retinitis pigmentosa, scoliosis, seizures. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 5
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 8 is characterized by tongue lobulation, hypoplasia of the epiglottis, median cleft upper lip, broad or bifid nasal tip, hypertelorism or telecanthus, bilateral preaxial and postaxial polydactyly, abnormal tibiae and/or radii, duplication of the halluces, short stature, and mild intellectual deficit. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the combination of cardiac anomalies (most commonly mitral valve defects and cardiomyopathy), short stature, facial dysmorphism and sometimes mild developmental delay. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Joubert syndrome with orofaciodigital defect (or oral-facial-digital syndrome type 6, OFD6) is a very rare subtype of Joubert syndrome and related disorders characterized by the neurological features of JS associated with orofacial anomalies and often polydactyly. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia or Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1 is a rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual deficit and costovertebral abnormalities. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic disease characterized by variable multiple congenital craniofacial anomalies, including brachycephaly, cranium bifidum occultum, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, nasal hypoplasia, or cleft lip/palate, among others, as well as abnormalities of the eyes and eyelids. Encephalocele and spina bifida have also been reported in association. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by ulnar hypoplasia associated with hypoplastic to absent fourth and/or fifth digits, fibular hypoplasia, short stature and facial dysmorphism. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Dysmorphism-pectus carinatum-joint laxity syndrome is characterised by joint laxity, pectus carinatum and facial dysmorphism (mild frontal bossing, a beaked nose with a low nasal bridge, malar hypoplasia, chubby cheeks, a striking philtrum and arched upper lips). It has been described in two siblings. The mode of transmission is unknown. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
CHIME syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by ocular colobomas, cardiac defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, conductive hearing loss and epilepsy. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Smith Fineman Myers syndrome Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Bencze syndrome or hemifacial hyperplasia with strabismus is a malformation syndrome involving the abnormal growth of the facial skeleton as well as its soft tissue structure and organs, and is characterized by mild facial asymmetry with unaffected neurocranium and eyeballs, as well as by esotropia, amblyopia and/or convergent strabismus, and occasionally submucous cleft palate. Transmission is autosomal dominant. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1979. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A very rare acrofacial dysostosis characterized by short stature, acrocephaly, ocular hypertelorism, ptosis of eyelids, ocular proptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, high nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, short philtrum, cleft palate, micrognathia, abnormal external ears, preauricular pits, mixed hearing loss, bulbous digits, metatarsus varus, pectus excavatum and various radiological abnormalities. Features of this syndrome were reported to overlap with otopalatodigital syndrome types 1 and 2. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Congenital hereditary facial paralysis-variable hearing loss syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bilateral facial palsy with masked facies, sensorineural hearing loss, dysmorphic features (midfacial retrusion, low-set ears), and strabismus. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome (disorder) Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Craniosynostosis-intracranial calcifications syndrome is a form of syndromic craniosynostosis characterized by pancraniosynostosis, head circumference below the mid-parental head circumference, mild facial dysmorphism (prominent supraorbital ridges, mild proptosis and maxillary hypoplasia) and calcification of the basal ganglia. The disease is associated with a favorable neurological outcome, normal intelligence and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and short stature in association with craniofacial dysmorphism (such as large forehead, triangular face, low-set ears, and micro-retrognathism) and osteochondrodysplastic lesions. Radiographic findings include epiphyseal maturation delay, abnormal metaphyses, a narrow thorax, small pelvis, and short and broad metacarpal bones and phalanges. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Intellectual disability-cataracts-calcified pinnae-myopathy syndrome is a rare, genetic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (wide forehead, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, enlarged and calcified external ears, large jaw), sparse body hair, tall stature, and intellectual disability. Hearing loss, insulin-resistant diabetes, and progressive distal muscle wasting (leading to joint contractures) have also been reported in adulthood. Rare manifestations include behavioral abnormalities (aggression and restlessness), hypothyroidism, cerebral calcification, ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe intellectual deficit, Dandy-Walker malformation, macrocephaly, severe myopia, brachytelephalangy with short and broad fingernails, and dysmorphic facial features (such as thick eyebrows, synophrys, epicanthal folds, low-set ears, short philtrum, and high-arched palate). Additional reported manifestations include seizures and skeletal and genital anomalies, among others. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. Finding site True Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Jawad syndrome is a rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital microcephaly with facial dysmorphism (sloping forehead, prominent nose, mild retrognathia), moderate to severe, non-progressive intellectual disability and symmetrical digital malformations of variable degree, including brachydactyly of the fifth fingers with single flexion crease, clinodactyly, syndactyly, polydactyly and hallux valgus. Congenital anonychia and white café au lait-like spots on the skin of hands and feet are also associated. Finding site False Face structure Inferred relationship Some 3

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