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110359009: Intellectual disability (disorder)

Status: current, Sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Aug 2022. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module
175156010 Intellectual disability en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
2715379015 Intellectual disability (disorder) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
3642975016 Intellectual developmental disorder en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
931241000195118 disabilità intellettiva it Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case sensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module
4748251000241111 déficience intellectuelle fr Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module
417131000274115 Intelligenzminderung de Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case sensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module
452931000274110 Mentale Retardierung de Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Only initial character case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module
462951000274113 Geistige Behinderung de Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Only initial character case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module
2326121000195116 Intellektuelle Entwicklungsstörung de Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case sensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module

552 descendants. Search Descendants:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships Type Target Active Characteristic Refinability Group Values
Intellectual disability Is a Developmental mental disorder false Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability Pathological process (attribute) Pathological developmental process true Inferred relationship Some 1
Intellectual disability Interprets Intellectual ability true Inferred relationship Some 2
Intellectual disability Has interpretation Impaired true Inferred relationship Some 2
Intellectual disability Is a Impaired cognition (finding) true Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability Interprets Adaptation behavior (observable entity) true Inferred relationship Some 3
Intellectual disability Has interpretation Impaired true Inferred relationship Some 3
Intellectual disability Is a Behavior finding true Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability Is a Intellectual ability - finding true Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability Is a Neurodevelopmental disorder is a behavioral and cognitive disorder with onset during the developmental period that involves impaired or aberrant development of intellectual, motor, or social functions. true Inferred relationship Some
Inbound Relationships Type Active Source Characteristic Refinability Group
The 19q13.11 microdeletion is characterized by several major features including pre and postnatal growth retardation, slender habitus, severe postnatal feeding difficulties, microcephaly, intellectual deficit with speech disturbance, hypospadias and ectodermal dysplasia presented by scalp aplasia, thin and sparse hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, thin and dry skin and dysplasic nails. Is a True Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
1p21.3 microdeletion syndrome is an extremely rare chromosomal anomaly characterized by severe speech and language delay, intellectual deficiency, autism spectrum disorder. Is a True Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (deafness), onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mild to profound intellectual disability, and seizures. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
X-linked intellectual disability-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit and severe, early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. Some patients also had microcephaly. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
X-linked intellectual disability with precocious puberty and obesity syndrome Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, psychomotor developmental delay, generalized seizures, and psoriasis. Mild craniofacial dysmorphism, such as hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nares, macrostomia, highly arched palate and large ears, is also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID) with severe speech impairment, and short stature. Variable additional clinical features have been associated, including behavioral disturbances, gait abnormalities, tremor, seizures, hypogonadism, truncal obesity, unspecific facial dysmorphism, and small hands and feet. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual deficit, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly, and prominent forehead in male patients. Females may display moderate intellectual deficit without craniofacial dysmorphism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, macroorchidism, prominent eyebrows and jaws and abnormal ears. Males are predominantly affected, some females show lower cognitive abilities. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
X-linked intellectual disability-acromegaly-hyperactivity syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, acromegaly and hyperactivity. The syndrome has been described in two half-brothers. Dysarthria, aggressive behavior, a characteristic facies (an acromegalic and triangular face with a long nose) and macroorchidism were also present. The mother displayed moderate intellectual deficit and milder facial anomalies. Central nervous system anomalies were identified in the two boys: subarachnoid cysts and hyperdensity in the pontine region. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Wilson-Turner syndrome (WTS) is a very rare X-linked multisystem genetic disease characterized by intellectual disability, truncal obesity, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, dysmorphic facial features, and short stature. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Ulna hypoplasia - intellectual deficit is a very rare syndrome characterized by mesomelic shortness of the forearms, bilateral clubfeet, aplasia or hypoplasia of all nails and severe psychomotor retardation. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Xq28-Duplikationssyndrom, proximales Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A very rare congenital genetic neurological disorder characterized by agenesis/hypoplasia of corpus callosum with developmental abnormalities, ocular disorders, and variable craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic disease characterized by cystic fibrosis, gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia, and intellectual disability. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
An extremely rare autosomal dominant developmental defect of the eye described in several members of one family that is characterized by the association of moderate intellectual disability with aniridia, lens dislocation, optic nerve hypoplasia and cataracts. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1974. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A multiple congenital developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by arachnodactyly of fingers and toes associated with craniofacial dysmorphism (including abnormal cranial ossification, frontal bossing, flat calvaria, shallow deformed orbits resulting in exophthalmos, midface hypoplasia and micrognathia), feeding difficulties in infancy, infantile muscular hypotonia, and developmental delay leading to intellectual disability. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism (brachycephaly, long, narrow, triangular face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, flat philtrum, microstomia, thin lips, hypoplastic maxilla), marfanoid habitus with arachnodactyly, and moderate to severe intellectual disability. Additional features may include clinodactyly, triphalangeal thumbs, hammer-shaped toes, hyperextensible joints, hypotonia, hyperreflexia and underdeveloped musculature. Delayed external genitalia development, as well as seizures and mitral regurgitation have been reported in some cases. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, infantile or childhood onset of progressive ataxia, and bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment. Variable features include signs of upper and lower motor neuron disease, peripheral neuropathy, myopathic facies, lower limb muscle wasting, and heel contractures. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare malformation syndrome that is characterized by short stature, hypoplastic fifth digits with tiny dysplastic nails, facial dysmorphism with coarse features including a wide mouth and broad nose, and mild intellectual disability. It has been suggested that Coffin-Siris syndrome and BOD syndrome are perhaps allelic variants. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia or Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1 is a rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual deficit and costovertebral abnormalities. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
CHIME syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by ocular colobomas, cardiac defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, conductive hearing loss and epilepsy. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe arthrogryposis, multiple ectodermal dysplasia features, cleft lip/palate, facial dysmorphism, growth deficiency and a moderate delay of psychomotor development. Ectodermal dysplasia manifestations include sparse, brittle and hypopigmented hair, xerosis, multiple nevi, small conical shaped teeth and hypodontia, and facial dysmorphism with blepharophimosis, deep-set eyes and micrognathia. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by auditory canal atresia (resulting in moderate conductive hearing loss) associated with intellectual disability, ventricular septal defect, umbilical hernia, anteriorly displaced anus, various skeletal anomalies (such as mild clubfoot, long fifth fingers, proximally placed thumbs), and craniofacial dysmorphism which includes brachycephaly, prominent forehead, flattened occiput, midface hypoplasia, anteverted nares, and low set, posteriorly rotated ears with overlapping superior helix. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly is characterized by non-progressive leukoencephalopathy, bilateral cysts in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, cerebral white matter anomalies and severe psychomotor impairment. Less than 50 patients have been described in the literature so far. Inheritance is most likely autosomal recessive. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome is a multisystem malformation syndrome that has been reported in about 10 patients. The clinical features include bilateral anophthalmia, abnormal nares, central nervous system anomalies, and neurodevelopmental delay. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Filippi syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, cutaneous syndactyly of the fingers and toes, intellectual deficit, growth retardation and a characteristic facies (high and broad nasal bridge, thin alae nasi, micrognathia and a high frontal hairline). So far, less than 25 cases have been reported. Cryptorchidism, polydactyly, and teeth and hair anomalies may also be present. Transmission is autosomal recessive. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital cataract, sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay with variable degrees of intellectual disability, seizures, short stature, brachycephaly, and dysmorphic facial features (such as flat facial appearance, ptosis, short nasal tip, long philtrum, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, and small mouth). Additional reported manifestations are skeletal abnormalities, nail dystrophy, mammary gland hypoplasia, and autism spectrum disorder. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Fountain syndrome is an extremely rare multi-systemic genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, deafness, skeletal abnormalities and coarse facial features. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A form of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by a short stature of prenatal onset, alopecia, ichthyosis, photophobia, ectrodactyly, seizures, scoliosis, multiple contractures, fusions of various bones (particularly elbows, carpals, metacarpals, and spine), intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism (microdolichocephaly, madarosis, large ears and long nose). ACD syndrome overlaps with ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia syndrome. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by association of congenital total alopecia, mild intellectual deficit and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare constitutional hemolytic anemia that is characterized by the association of Alport syndrome, midface hypoplasia, intellectual deficit and elliptocytosis. It has been described in two families. The syndrome is transmitted as an X-linked trait is caused by a contiguous gene deletion in Xq22.3 involving several genes including COL4A5, FACL4 and AMMECR1. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Syndrome with the association of stubby, coarse, sparse and fragile hair, eyebrows and eyelashes with photosensitivity and nonprogressive intellectual deficit, without a demonstrable metabolic aberration. It has been described in three sisters born to consanguineous parents. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Hall-Riggs syndrome is a very rare syndrome consisting of microcephaly with facial dysmorphism, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and severe intellectual deficit. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Oliver syndrome is a very rare syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, postaxial polydactyly, and epilepsy. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Short stature-webbed neck-heart disease syndrome is characterized by short stature, intellectual deficit, facial dysmorphism, short, webbed neck, skin changes and congenital heart defects. It has been reported in four Arab Bedouin siblings born to consanguineous parents. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Deafness-genital anomalies-metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis syndrome is characterized by sensorineural deafness, bilateral synostosis of the 4th and 5th metacarpals and metatarsals, genital anomalies (hypospadias in males), psychomotor delay and abnormal dermatoglyphics. So far, it has been described in two unrelated patients. Facial dysmorphism was noted in both patients (prominent forehead, ear anomalies, facial asymmetry and an open mouth appearance). Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, varying degrees of intellectual disability, short stature, and dysmorphic facial features (such as telecanthus, epicanthic folds, broad nasal root, malar hypoplasia, low-set ears, dental anomalies, and micrognathia). Additional reported manifestations include microcephaly, renal and genitourinary abnormalities, widely spaced, hypoplastic nipples, and adult onset of progressive pancytopenia. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare malformative syndrome with dentinogenesis imperfecta, characterized by dentin dysplasia with opalescent discoloration and severe attrition of primary and permanent teeth, and delayed eruption, bulbous crowns, long and tapered roots, and progressive root canal obliteration of the permanent dentition, associated with proportionate short stature, sensorineural hearing loss, mild intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features. The latter include a prominent nose with high nasal bridge and short philtrum. Osteoporosis, mild platyspondyly, and cone-shaped epiphyses have also been reported. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, seizures, obesity, and dysmorphic facial features (including large, bulbous nose, prominent philtrum, wide mouth). Additional reported features are bilateral pes planus, scoliosis, and spina bifida occulta. Brain MRI may show mild ventricular dilatation. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic disease characterized by the association of epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural hearing impairment, and renal tubulopathy. Patients present in infancy with generalized seizures, cerebellar dysfunction (including gait ataxia, intention tremor, and dysdiadochokinesis), and variable developmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss. Laboratory studies show persistent hypokalemic metabolic acidosis with hypomagnesemia. Additional reported neurologic features include brisk deep tendon reflexes, ankle clonus, extensor plantar responses, or nystagmus. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, severe visual impairment due to ocular malformations (microphthalmos and microcornea with sclerocornea), short stature, hypotrichosis, dental anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features (such as a narrow nasal bridge with marked distal flaring and low-set, protruding ears). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Holmes Gang syndrome Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
This syndrome is characterized by the association of hypogonadism due to primary gonadal failure, mitral valve prolapse, mild intellectual deficit and short stature. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia and ocular manifestations. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Juberg Marsidi syndrome (disorder) Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Radioulnar synostosis-developmental delay-hypotonia syndrome, also known as Der Kaloustian-McIntosh-Silver syndrome, is an extremely rare syndrome with synostosis described in about 4 patients to date with clinical manifestations including congenital unilateral radioulnar synostosis, generalized hypotonia, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features (long face, prominent nose and ears). Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare form of genetic lipodystrophy, reported in 3 patients from one family to date, characterized by generalized congenital lipodystrophy, low birth weight, progressive sensorineural deafness occurring in childhood, intellectual deficit, progressive osteopenia, delayed skeletal maturation, skeletal abnormalities described as slender, undermineralized tubular bones, and dense metaphyseal striations in the distal femur, ulna and radius of older patients. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Lowry-MacLean syndrome is a very rare syndrome characterized by microcephaly, craniosynostosis, glaucoma, growth failure and visceral malformations. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability-balding-patella luxation-acromicria syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, patella luxations, acromicria, hypogonadism, facial dysmorphism (including midface hypoplasia and premature frontotemporal balding). It has been described in three unrelated males. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
MEDNIK-Syndrom Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Kapur-Toriello syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, severe intellectual deficiency, cardiac and intestinal anomalies, and growth retardation. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by macrocephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, variable degree of spastic paraplegia, central nervous system malformations (hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation), and dysmorphic features, such as high and broad forehead, midface hypoplasia, and small and broad hands and feet. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare disorder of copper metabolism characterized by intellectual deficit, enteropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, lamellar and erythrodermic ichthyosis, and keratodermia. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by mild to profound intellectual disability, microcephaly, growth delay, and hypogenitalism. Obesity, early-onset diabetes and epilepsy are more variably present. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Oculopalatocerebral syndrome is characterized by the association of four anomalies: intellectual deficit, microcephaly, palate anomalies and ocular abnormalities. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features and variable multiple congenital anomalies including ocular, brain, urogenital and skeletal abnormalities. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
syndrome d'Okamoto Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Oro-facial digital syndrome type 10 (disorder) Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare orofaciodigital syndrome characterised by median cleft of the upper lip, postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and oral manifestations (duplicated frenulum). Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 8 is characterized by tongue lobulation, hypoplasia of the epiglottis, median cleft upper lip, broad or bifid nasal tip, hypertelorism or telecanthus, bilateral preaxial and postaxial polydactyly, abnormal tibiae and/or radii, duplication of the halluces, short stature, and mild intellectual deficit. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, ossification anomalies of the cranial vault, abnormalities of the long bones due to defective remodeling, thoracic deformity, and progressive osteopenia. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include microcephaly, hypertelorism, narrow mouth, cleft palate, and micrognathia. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe global developmental delay, osteogenesis imperfecta, presence of wormian bones, seizures, ocular abnormalities (blue sclerae, optic atrophy, retinal detachment), and dysmorphic facial features (including frontal bossing, low anterior hairline, medial flare of the eyebrows, long eyelashes, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, and low-set, large ears). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1994. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Ichthyose-Hypotrichose-Syndrom Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual impairment of variable severity, progressive lower limb spasticity, and diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Additional manifestations include pes cavus, extensor plantar responses, hand tremor, and mild dysmorphic facial features. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, post-natal growth retardation, severe visual impairment or blindness (due to optic atrophy), severe hearing defect, spasticity, epileptic seizures, restricted large-joint movements and early death (in infancy or early childhood). Facial dysmorphic features (large dysplastic ears and short broad nose) are additionally observed. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare syndromic agammaglobulinaemia characterised by profound B-cell depletion (with normal T-cell numbers) resulting in agammaglobulinaemia, associated with severe developmental delay, microcephaly, craniosynostosis, cleft palate, narrowing of the choanae, blepharophimosis, and severe dermatitis. Additional reported features include distal joint contractures, renal/genitourinary anomalies, and mild cerebral atrophy, among others. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Corpus callosum agenesis-intellectual disability-coloboma-micrognathia syndrome is a developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by coloboma of the iris and optic nerve, facial dysmorphism (high forehead, microretrognathia, low-set ears), intellectual deficit, agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal anomalies and short stature. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Cataract-deafness-hypogonadism syndrome is an extremely rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome, described in only three brothers to date, that is characterized by the association of congenital cataract, sensorineural deafness, hypogonadism, mild intellectual deficit, hypertrichosis, and short stature. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Cataract-hypertrichosis-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by congenital cataract, generalized hypertrichosis and intellectual deficit. It has been described in two Egyptian siblings born to consanguineous parents. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
This syndrome is characterized by the association of intellectual deficit, congenital cataract, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (including a long face, deep-set eyes, narrow-based, broad nose with nostril colobomata, mandibular prognathism), hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, eunuchoid habitus, diabetes mellitus type 1, and epilepsy. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by psychomotor and growth delay, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. Additional reported manifestations include increased muscle tonus, seizures, cardiac anomalies, recurrent bronchopneumonia, camptodactyly, preauricular skin tag, and dysmorphic facial features (such as broad forehead, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, and prominent ears), among others. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Intellectual disability-developmental delay-contractures syndrome, formerly known as Wieacker-Wolff syndrome, is a severe X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe contractures and intellectual disability. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
This syndrome is characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, intellectual deficit, congenital skeletal anomalies involving the cervical spine and superior ribs, and diabetes mellitus. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Toriello Carey syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by craniofacial dysmorphic features, cerebral anomalies, swallowing difficulties, cardiac defects and hypotonia. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic syndrome characterized by skeletal anomalies, including short stature, ridging of the metopic suture, a fusion of cervical vertebrae, thoracic hemivertebrae, scoliosis, sacral hypoplasia, short middle phalanges. Patients also had a moderate intellectual disability and abducens palsies. Glucose intolerance and imperforate anus were also described. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and congenital heart defects (e.g. atrial/ventricular septal defect, hypoplastic aortic arch with persistent ductus arteriosus). Additional manifestations include mild hypothyroidism, skeletal abnormalities, micropenis, delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic facial features (including epicanthus, depressed nasal bridge, prominent antitragus), and pulmonary vascular occlusive disease. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, complex chromosomal duplication/inversion in the region 15q11.2-q13.1 characterized by early central hypotonia, global developmental delay and intellectual deficit, autistic behavior, and seizures. Is a True Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A very rare syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, horseshoe kidney, and congenital heart defects. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Fallot complex - intellectual deficit - growth delay is a rare disorder characterized by tetralogy of Fallot, minor facial anomalies, and severe intellectual deficiency and growth delay. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis of scalp and eyebrows, finger syndactyly, intellectual disability and early eruption of teeth. Facial dysmorphism (i.e. round face with prominent forehead, cheeks and ears, and upward-slanting palpebral fissures), hypoplasia of median and distal phalanges, and kyphosis are additionally observed features. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Microbrachycephaly-ptosis-cleft lip syndrome is characterized by the association of intellectual deficit, microbrachycephaly, hypotelorism, palpebral ptosis, a thin/long face, cleft lip, and anomalies of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum and pelvis. It has been described in two Brazilian sisters. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ADCA type 1) characterized by the onset in infancy of cerebellar ataxia, neonatal hypotonia (in some), mild developmental delay and, in later life, intellectual disability. Less common features include dysarthria, dysmetria and dysmorphic facial features (long face, bulbous nose long philtrum, thick lower lip and pointed chin). Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked disorder of purine metabolism associated with hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria and comprised of two forms: an early-onset severe form characterized by gout, urolithiasis, and neurodevelopmental anomalies and a mild late-onset form with no neurologic involvement. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Renier Gabreels Jasper syndrome Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Ramos-Arroyo syndrome (RAS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by corneal anesthesia, retinal abnormalities, bilateral hearing loss, distinct facies, patent ductus arteriosus, Hirschsprung disease, short stature, and intellectual disability. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by the association of nonprogressive spastic quadriparesis, retinitis pigmentosa, intellectual disability, and variable deafness. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1976. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Severe intellectual disability-epilepsy-anal anomalies-distal phalangeal hypoplasia is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, epilepsy, hypoplasia of the terminal phalanges, and an anteriorly displaced anus. It has been described in two sisters born to consanguineous parents. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and appears to be caused by anomalies in two chromosome regions, one localized to chromosome 1 and the other to chromosome 14. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by infantile onset of global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, seizures, and movement disorder (including tremor, hyperkinesia, and myoclonus), associated with excessive excretion of hydroxylysine in urine. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare syndromic retinitis pigmentosa characterized by pigmentary retinopathy, diabetes mellitus with hyperinsulinism, acanthosis nigricans, secondary cataracts, neurogenic deafness, short stature mild hypogonadism in males and polycystic ovaries with oligomenorrhea in females. Inheritance is thought to be autosomal recessive. It can be distinguished from Alstrom syndrome by the presence of intellectual disability and the absence of renal insufficiency. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, multisystemic inherited metabolic disease characterized clinically, by a variable spectrum of severity, primarily comprised of psychomotor delay, myopathy and liver dysfunction. Most patients present in infancy, but the onset can be already in utero or in adult age. Hypermethioninemia is frequent, but often absent in infancy. Creatine kinase is elevated in most patients. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
MOMO syndrome is a very rare genetic overgrowth/obesity syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, obesity, mental (intellectual) disability and ocular abnormalities. Other frequent clinical signs include macrosomia, downslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, broad nasal root, high and broad forehead and delay in bone maturation, in association with normal thyroid function and karyotype. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital and permanent vocal cord paralysis causing severe congenital laryngeal stridor, associated with intellectual disability in male patients. Other presenting symptoms may include weak cry, cough, cyanosis, neonatal asphyxia, feeding difficulty, aspiration, and bronchiectasis. Microcephaly, tone abnormalities, visual and hearing impairment may also be associated features. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare genetic, intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, severe expressive speech delay, autism spectrum disorder, and a distinctive facial appearance with a spectrum of additional clinical features. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual disability and calcification of the choroid plexus, associated with elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration. Additional signs and symptoms include strabismus, increased deep tendon reflexes, and foot deformities, among others. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome defined by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, hypoplasia/aplasia of the nails of the thumb and great toe, and facial dysmorphism. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare ARX-related epileptic encephalopathy characterized by infantile onset of myoclonic epilepsy with generalized spasticity, severe global developmental delay, and moderate to profound intellectual disability. Obligate female carriers show subtle, generalized hyperreflexia. Late onset progressive spastic ataxia has also been reported. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare and severe inborn metabolic disease characterized clinically by the association of severe-to-profound neurodevelopmental impairment, severe visual impairment, ante-postnatal growth impairment, severe scoliosis and, frequently, early-onset epilepsy. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
Paraplegia, brachydactyly, cone-shaped epiphysis syndrome Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, microcephaly, short stature, and ectodermal anomalies (including alopecia, spontaneous formation of bullae without evident trauma, hyper- or hypopigmented maculae, acrocyanosis, and dystrophic nails) in male patients. Additional reported features are short, tapering fingers, ocular anomalies (such as corneal opacities and cataract), and hypogenitalism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995. Is a False Intellectual disability Inferred relationship Some

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