Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, microcephaly, short stature, and ectodermal anomalies (including alopecia, spontaneous formation of bullae without evident trauma, hyper- or hypopigmented maculae, acrocyanosis, and dystrophic nails) in male patients. Additional reported features are short, tapering fingers, ocular anomalies (such as corneal opacities and cataract), and hypogenitalism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability, Buenos-Aires type is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by growth retardation, microcephaly, characteristic facial features (including narrow forehead, bushy eyebrows, hypertelorism, small, downward-slanting palpebral fissures with blepharoptosis, malformed and low-set ears, broad straight nose, thin upper lip, and a wide, tented mouth), developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech disorder, and multiple organ malformations (e.g. ventricular septal defect, megaloureter, dilated renal pelvis). Additional manifestations reported include neurocutaneous lesions (including palmoplantar hyperkeratosis), internal hydrocephalus, and bilateral partial soft-tissue syndactyly of second and third toe. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Neurofaciodigitorenal syndrome is a rare multiple developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by neurological abnormalities (including megalencephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, abnormal EEG), dysmorphic facial features (high prominent forehead, grooved nasal tip, ptosis, ear anomalies) and acrorenal defects (such as triphalangism, broad halluces, unilateral renal agenesis). Additionally, intrauterine growth restriction, short stature and congenital heart defects may be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1997. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
déficience intellectuelle liée à l'X type Brooks |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A disorder that is characterized by the association of a non-progressive congenital ataxia, severe intellectual deficit, optic atrophy and structural anomalies of the skin vessels. It has been described in five children from a large consanguineous Lebanese family. Short stature and microcephaly were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Caudal appendage-deafness syndrome is characterized by caudal appendage, short terminal phalanges, deafness, cryptorchidism, intellectual deficit, short stature and dysmorphism. It has been described in monozygotic twin boys. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by early-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, severe developmental delay, early-onset or congenital deafness (only few cases reported without hearing loss), and visual impairment. All patients manifest calcifications in brain and spinal cord. Cognitive impairment, seizures, hypotonia, spastic tetraplegia or quadriplegia are observed in the majority of the patients. Variable features may include microcephaly and anemia. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Weaver-Williams syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by moderate-to-severe intellectual disability, decreased muscle mass, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (prominent ears, midfacial hypoplasia, small mouth and cleft palate), clinodactyly of the fingers, delayed osseous maturation and generalized bone hypoplasia. The syndrome has been described in a brother and sister and an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been suggested. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1977. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Pfeiffer-Palm-Teller syndrome is a very rare dysmorphic syndrome described in two siblings and characterised by a short stature, unique facies, enamel hypoplasia, progressive joint stiffness, high-pitched voice, cup-shaped ears, and narrow palpebral fissures with epicanthal folds, and intellectual deficit. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-cataracts-calcified pinnae-myopathy syndrome is a rare, genetic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (wide forehead, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, enlarged and calcified external ears, large jaw), sparse body hair, tall stature, and intellectual disability. Hearing loss, insulin-resistant diabetes, and progressive distal muscle wasting (leading to joint contractures) have also been reported in adulthood. Rare manifestations include behavioral abnormalities (aggression and restlessness), hypothyroidism, cerebral calcification, ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
X-linked intellectual disability, Hedera type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by an onset in infancy of delayed motor and speech milestones, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and drop attacks, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional, less common manifestations include scoliosis, ataxia (resulting in progressive gait disturbance), and bilateral pes planovalgus. Physical appearance is normal with no dysmorphic features reported. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
X-linked intellectual disability, Nascimento type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability (with severe speech impairment), a myxedematous appearance, dysmorphic facial features (including large head, synophrys, prominent supraorbital ridges, almond-shaped and deep-set eyes, large ears, wide mouth with everted lower lip and downturned lip corners), low posterior hairline, short, broad neck, marked general hirsutism and abnormal hair whorls, skin changes (e.g. dry skin or hypopigmented spots), widely spaced nipples, obesity, micropenis, onychodystrophy and seizures. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
X-linked intellectual disability-limb spasticity-retinal dystrophy-diabetes insipidus syndrome is a rare genetic neurometabolic disease characterized by severe intellectual disability, spastic quadriparesis, Leber congenital amaurosis and diabetes insipidus. Additional manifestations include facial dysmorphy (dolichocephalic skull, hypertelorism, deep-set eyes, hypoplastic nares, low-set ears), short stature, truncal hypotonia and axial hypertonia. Brain anomalies (e.g. thin corpus callosum with lack of isthmus and tapered splenium, hypoplasia or atrophy of the optic chiasm, prominent lateral ventricles, diminished white matter), described on magnetic resonance imaging, have been reported. High prenatal alpha-fetoprotein and intrauterine growth restriction is observed in routine pregnancy examination. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital, total, cortical blindness, intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet, pre- and postnatal growth delay, psychomotor developmental retardation, and mild facial dysmorphism (including prominent forehead, short nose, long philtrum, high-arched palate, and microretrognathia). Recurrent respiratory and intestinal infections, as well as moderate hypertonia and hyperreflexia, are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare syndrome characterized by sparse hair, osteopenia, intellectual disability, minor facial abnormalities, joint laxity and hypotonia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare congenital limb malformation characterized the association of hallux varus with short thumbs and first toes (involving the metacarpals, metatarsals, and distal phalanges; the proximal and middle phalanges are of normal length) and abduction of the affected digits. Intellectual deficit was observed in all reported individuals. There have been no further reports since 1994. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Spastic paraplegia-precocious puberty syndrome is a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by the onset of progressive spastic paraplegia associated with precocious puberty (due to Leydig cell hyperplasia) in childhood (at the age of 2 years). Moderate intellectual disability was also reported. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A very rare syndrome described in four siblings of one French family and characterized by branchial dysplasia (malar hypoplasia, macrostomia, preauricular tags and meatal atresia), club feet, inguinal herniae and cholestasis due to paucity of interlobular bile ducts and intellectual deficit. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, microcephaly, delayed bone maturation, and skeletal abnormalities (such as scoliosis or pectus excavatum, among others). Dysmorphic features include coarse face, hirsutism, thick eyebrows, broad nasal septum, short philtrum, large mouth, and prominent ears. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic, epilepsy syndrome characterized by epilepsy, palpebral conjunctival telangiectasias, borderline to moderate intellectual disability, diminished serum IgA levels, shortened fifth fingers and dysmorphic facial features (including frontal hirsutism, synophrys, anteverted nostrils, prominent ears, long philtrum, irregular teeth implantation, micrognathia). No new cases have been described in the literature since 1978. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome is a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by an encephalopathy which predominantly occurs in the first year of life and presenting as psychomotor delay. Additional features of the disease include moderate dysmorphia, craniosynostosis, dwarfism (due to growth hormone deficiency), intellectual disability, spasticity, ataxia, retinal degeneration, and adrenal and uterine hypoplasia. The disease has been described in only two families, with each family having two affected siblings. An autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Dysmorphism-short stature-deafness-disorder of sex development syndrome is characterized by dysmorphism (including facial asymmetry, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, broad and flat nasal bridge, microtia, small nose with anteverted nostrils, micrognathia), deafness, cleft palate, male pseudohermaphroditism, and growth and psychomotor retardation. It has been described in two siblings. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, psychomotor retardation, flat face and some features resembling Marfan syndrome, such as tall stature, dolichostenomelia, arm span larger than height, arachnodactyly of hands and feet, little subcutaneous fat, and muscle hypotonia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Stimmler syndrome is characterized by the association of microcephaly, low birth weight and severe intellectual deficit with dwarfism, small teeth and diabetes mellitus. Two cases have been described. Biochemical tests reveal the presence of high levels of alanine in the urine and elevated alanine, pyruvate and lactate levels in the blood. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare syndromic intellectual deficiency characterized by psychomotor delay, severe progressive spastic quadriplegia, microcephaly, and a Hallermann-Streiff-like phenotype including absence of eyebrows and eyelashes, glaucoma, and small, beaked nose. Structural central nervous system abnormalities (cervical spinal cyst, occipital cranium bifidum occulatum) were additional findings. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1974. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, growth retardation, unilateral preaxial polydactyly, and colobomatous anomalies (including coloboma of the iris, optic nerve head, choroid, and retina). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Microcephalus, digital anomaly, intellectual disability syndrome |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment syndrome is characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, intellectual deficit, dwarfism and renal impairment. It has been described in four members of one Iranian family. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, choroideremia, horizontal nystagmus, severe myopia, acrokeratosis verruciformis-like skin abnormality, anhidrosis, and scapular winging. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1959. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
An extremely rare syndrome reported in two siblings of non-consanguineous parents that is characterized by the association of ocular abnormalities (partial aniridia, congenital glaucoma, telecanthus) with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, unilateral renal agenesis and mild psychomotor delay. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1974. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic, congenital limb malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral thumb ankylosis, type A brachydactyly and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Patients present thumb stiffness and abnormalities of the metacarpal bones, frequently associated with mild facial dysmorphism and signs of obesity. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe intellectual deficit, Dandy-Walker malformation, macrocephaly, severe myopia, brachytelephalangy with short and broad fingernails, and dysmorphic facial features (such as thick eyebrows, synophrys, epicanthal folds, low-set ears, short philtrum, and high-arched palate). Additional reported manifestations include seizures and skeletal and genital anomalies, among others. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Metaphyseal dysostosis-intellectual disability-conductive deafness syndrome is characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia, short-limb dwarfism, mild intellectual deficit and conductive hearing loss, associated with repeated episodes of otitis media in childhood. It has been described in three brothers born to consanguineous Sicilian parents. Variable manifestations included hyperopia and strabismus. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Spastic paraplegia-glaucoma-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by progressive spastic paraplegia, glaucoma and intellectual deficit. It has been described in two families. The second described sibship was born to consanguineous parents. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, marfanoid habitus, microcephaly, and glomerulonephritis. There have been no further reports since 1992. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome most commonly characterized by megalocornea, congenital hypotonia, varying degrees of intellectual disability, psychomotor/developmental delay, seizures, and mild facial dysmorphism (including round face, frontal bossing, epicanthal folds, large low set ears, broad nasal base, anteverted nostrils, and long upper lip). Interfamilial and intrafamilial clinical variability has been reported. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Ectodermal dysplasia-intellectual disability-central nervous system malformation syndrome is a rare, multiple developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by the triad of ectodermal dysplasia (mostly hypohidrotic with dry skin and reduced sweating and sparse, fair scalp hair, eyebrows and eyelashes), severe intellectual disability and variable central nervous system anomalies (cerebellar hypoplasia, dilatation of ventricles, corpus callosum agenesis, Dandy-Walker malformation). Distinct craniofacial dysmorphism with macrocephaly, frontal bossing, midfacial hypoplasia and high arched or cleft palate, as well as cryptorchidism, feeding difficulties and hypotonia, are associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1998. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by variable skeletal abnormalities (including craniostenosis, pectus carinatum, short sternum, joint hyperextensibility, and abnormal vertebrae), cutis laxa with excessive skin folds around the cheek, chin and neck, ambiguous genitalia with a micropenis and perineal hypospadia, an umbilical hernia, intellectual disability, premature aged appearance, and cardiac enlargement involving either the ventricles or atria. Facial dysmorphism is variable and can include multiple hair whorls, ptosis, high and broad nasal root, low set ears and small chin. Enamel hypocalcification, abnormal modelling of tubular bones, and reduced cutis laxa may become apparent later on. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis, a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, is a form of alpha-thalassemia characterized by microcytosis, hypochromia, normal hemoglobin (Hb) level or mild anemia, associated with developmental abnormalities. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterised by early-onset, slowly progressive, distal muscular weakness and atrophy with no sensory impairment, congenital sensorineural deafness and mild intellectual disability (with absence of normal speech development). The absence of large, myelinated fibres on sural nerve biopsy is equally characteristic of the disease. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Grubben-de Cock-Borghgraef syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, generalized muscular hypotonia, developmental delay (particularly of speech and language), hypotrophy of distal extremities, small and puffy hands and feet, eczematous skin and dental anomalies (i.e. small, widely spaced teeth). Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and a selective immunoglobulin IgG2 subclass deficiency have also been reported in some patients. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Dysmorphism-cleft palate-loose skin syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, congenital, symmetrical circumferential skin creases of arms and legs, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism (including elongated face, high forehead, blepharophimosis, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, microcornea, epicanthic folds, telecanthus, microtia, posteriorly angulated ears, broad nasal bridge, microstomia and micrognathia). Additional features reported include short stature, microcephaly, hypotonia, pectus excavatum, severe scoliosis, hypoplastic scrotum, and mixed hearing loss. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Craniofaciofrontodigital syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild intellectual disability, short stature, cardiac anomalies, mild dysmorphic features (macrocephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, exophthalmos), cutis laxa, joint hyperlaxity, wrinkled palms and soles and skeletal anomalies (sella turcica, wide ribs and small vertebral bodies). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, delayed motor and language development and intellectual disability, in addition to ophthalmological abnormalities (e.g. oculomotor apraxia, strabismus, amblyopia, retinal dystrophy and myopia). Cerebellar cysts, cerebellar dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are also characteristic of the disease. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-obesity-brain malformations-facial dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, syndromic intellectual disability primarily characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, true-to-relative microcephaly and brain abnormalities including a thin corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral white matter hypoplasia and multi-focal hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI. Obesity and distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism (including brachycephaly, round face, straight eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, epicanthus, wide and depressed nasal bridge, protruding ears with uplifted lobe, downslanting corners of the mouth) are additional features. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, a distinctive facial gestalt (blepharophimosis, maxillary hypoplasia, telecanthus, microtia and atresia of the external auditory meatus) as well as skeletal and articular abnormalities (e.g. camptodactyly of the fingers, cutaneous syndactyly, talipes equinovarus, flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, hip or elbow subluxation, joint laxity). Affected individuals also present neonatal hypotonia, variable respiratory manifestations, chronic feeding difficulties and gray matter heterotopia. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Ichthyosis-alopecia-eclabion-ectropion-intellectual disability syndrome is an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe generalized lamellar icthyosis at birth with alopecia, eclabium, ectropion and intellectual disability. Although similar to Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, this syndrome lacks the presence of neurologic or macular changes. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Family history of intellectual disability |
Associated finding |
True |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
A developmental anomaly characterized at birth by the presence of right-sided aortic arch, craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, asymmetric, facial bones, broad forehead, borderline hypertelorism, nasal septum deviation, large nasal cavity, large, posteriorly rotated ears, and microstomia with downturned corners), and intellectual disability. These features were observed in 4 members of one family, involving 2 successive generations, suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1968. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by short stature, hypertrichosis (most commonly of the back or elbow regions), facial dysmorphism, behavioral problems, developmental delay and, most commonly, mild to moderate intellectual disability. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability screening |
Has focus |
True |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
Intellectual disability due to nutritional deficiency (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Craniodigital syndrome - intellectual deficit is characterized by syndactyly of the fingers and toes, characteristic facies (startled facial expression with a small, pointed nose, micrognathia, long dark eyelashes and prominent eyebrows) and intellectual deficit. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Hypotonia-speech impairment-severe cognitive delay syndrome is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe, persistent hypotonia (presenting at birth or in early infancy), severe global developmental delay (with poor or absent speech, difficulty or inability to roll, sit or walk), profound intellectual disability, and failure to thrive. Additional manifestations include microcephaly, progressive peripheral spasticity, bilateral strabismus and nystagmus, constipation, and variable dysmorphic facial features (including plagiocephaly, broad forehead, small nose, low-set ears, micrognathia and open mouth with tented upper lip). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-alacrima-achalasia syndrome is a rare, genetic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by delayed motor and cognitive development, absence or severe delay in speech development, intellectual disability, and alacrima. Achalasia/dysphagia and mild autonomic dysfunction (i.e. anisocoria) have also been reported in some patients. The phenotype is similar to the one observed in autosomal recessive Triple A syndrome but differs by the presence of intellectual disability in all affected individuals. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-polydactyly-uncombable hair syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly, phalangeal hypoplasia, 2-3 toe syndactyly, uncombable hair and facial dysmorphism (including frontal bossing, hypotelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, nasal bridge and lips, prominent nasal root, large abnormal ears with prominent antihelix, poorly folded helix, underdeveloped lobule and antitragus, and micrognathia evolving into prognathism). Cryptorchidism, conductive hearing loss and progressive thoracic kyphosis were also reported. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-spasticity-ectrodactyly syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia (with wasting of the lower limbs) and distal transverse defects of the limbs (e.g. ectrodactyly, syndactyly, clinodactyly of the hands and/or feet). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-brachydactyly-Pierre Robin syndrome is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability and psychomotor delay, Robin sequence (including severe micrognathia and soft palate cleft) and distinct dysmorphic facial features (e.g. synophrys, short palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, small, low-set, and posteriorly angulated ears, bulbous nose, long/flat philtrum, and bow-shaped upper lip). Skeletal anomalies, such as brachydactyly, clinodactyly, small hands and feet, and oral manifestations (e.g. bifid, short tongue, oligodontia) are also associated. Additional features reported include microcephaly, capillary hemangiomas on face and scalp, ventricular septal defect, corneal clouding, nystagmus and profound sensorineural deafness. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability, Wolff type is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, characteristic facial features (low anterior hairline, upward slanting palpebral fissures, ocular hypertelorism, broad, bulbous nose, large ears with helix incompletely developed, thick lips, and micrognathia) and additional anomalies including peripheral joint contractures, delayed skeletal maturation, bilateral cleft lip and palate, strabismus, terminal hypoplasia of fingers, hypospadias, and bilateral inguinal hernias. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by non-progressive ataxia, apraxia, variable intellectual disability and/or visuospatial, visuographic and visuoconstructive dysfunctions in male patients. Seizures, congenital clubfoot and macroorchidism have also been associated. Partial clinical expression was noted in obligate female carriers. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Macrocephaly-developmental delay syndrome is a rare, intellectual disability syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, mild dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, long face, hooded eye lids with small, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, and prominent chin), global neurodevelopmental delay, behavioral abnormalities (e.g. anxiety, stereotyped movements) and absence or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Additional features reported in some patients include craniosynostosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, recurrent pneumonia, and hepatosplenomegaly. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multisystemic genetic disorder characterized by characteristic facial features with macrocephaly, overgrowth in infancy, intellectual disability and behavioral problems including anxieties and aggressiveness. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, mild to severe neurological manifestations (intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, dystonia), and urogenital anomalies (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia, ambiguous genitalia). Additionally, skeletal anomalies (limb contractures, scoliosis), dysmorphic facial features (prominent supraorbital ridges, synophrys, large eyes) and optic atrophy have been observed. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Orofaciodigital syndrome type 14 is a rare subtype of orofaciodigital syndrome, with autosomal recessive inheritance and C2CD3 mutations, characterized by severe microcephaly, trigonocephaly, severe intellectual disability and micropenis, in addition to oral, facial and digital malformations (gingival frenulae, lingual hamartomas, cleft/lobulated tongue, cleft palate, telecanthus, up-slanting palpebral fissures, microretrognathia, postaxial polydactyly of hands and duplication of hallux). Corpus callosum agenesis and vermis hypoplasia with molar tooth sign, on brain imaging, are also associated. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by the presence of diffuse pachygyria and arachnoid cysts, psychomotor developmental delay and intellectual disability. Seizures (absence, atonic and generalized tonic-clonic) and, on occasion, headache are also associated. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, skeletal abnormalities (such as brachydactyly and vertebral anomalies), obesity, cardiac, respiratory, and genitourinary anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features (including coarse facies, thick eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, short, upturned nose, and long philtrum). Additional reported manifestations are microcephaly, hearing impairment, cataract, and gastroesophageal reflux. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Microcephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-cardiac conduction defect syndrome is a rare, genetic congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth failure, global developmental delay, profound intellectual disability, autistic behaviors, acquired second-degree heart block with bradycardia and vasomotor instability. Hands and feet present with long fusiform fingers, campto-clinodactyly and crowded toes while craniofacial dysmorphism includes microcephaly, broad forehead, thin eyebrows, upslanting palpebral fissures, large ears with prominent antihelix, prominent nose, long philtrum, thin upper lip vermillion and prominent lower lip. Neurological signs include hypotonia, brisk reflexes, dystonic-like movements and truncal ataxia and imaging shows cerebellar hypoplasia and simplified gyral pattern. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability, Birk-Barel type is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital central hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate to severe intellectual disability and subtle dysmorphic features which evolve over time (dolichocephaly, myopathic facies, ptosis, short and broad philtrum, tented upper lip vermillion, palatal anomalies, mild micro- and/or retrognathia). Patients present reduced facial movements, lethargy, weak cry, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, severe feeding difficulties and failure to thrive. Dysphagia, particularly of solid food, asthenic body build, joint contractures and scoliosis are additional features. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Cryptorchidism-arachnodactyly-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by psychomotor delay, severe intellectual deficit, severe muscle hypoplasia (with absence of subcutaneous fatty tissue), generalized contractures, craniofacial dysmorphic features (dolichocephaly, esotropia, ears of unequal size, high palate), chest and spinal deformities (i.e. sternum shifted to side, kyphoscoliosis), pulmonary anomalies (unilateral hypoplastic bronchial system), arachnodactyly, and genital abnormalities (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular agenesis). Repeated respiratory tract infections and atelectasis are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-myopathy-short stature-endocrine defect syndrome is a rare congenital myopathy syndrome characterized by nonprogressive myopathy (manifesting with mild facial and generalized weakness, bilateral ptosis, and severe lumbar lordosis), severe intellectual disability, short stature, and sexual infantilism (due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). The presence of a small pituitary fossa was also noted. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Focal epilepsy-intellectual disability-cerebro-cerebellar malformation is a rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by early infantile-onset of seizures, borderline to moderate intellectual disability, cerebellar features including dysarthria and ataxia and cerebellar atrophy and cortical thickening observed on MRI imaging. Seizures are typically focal (with prominent eye blinking, facial and limb jerking), precipitated by fever and often commence with an oral sensory aura (anesthetized tongue sensation). When not properly controlled by anti-epileptic medication, weekly frequency and persistence into adult life is observed. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Disease with characteristics of recurrent seizures, encephalopathy and intellectual disability with onset of symptoms typically beginning in infancy. Seizures may be refractory and intellectual disability may be mild to severe. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy may occur in rare cases. The disease is caused by mutations in the SCN8A gene, which provides instructions for making the alpha subunit of Nav1.6. Follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutation. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability and mild dysmorphic features. Early symptoms include hypotonia, delayed development of motor skills, speech delay, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and fingers with tapered ends. Other features include microcephaly, seizures, recurrent ear infections, strabismus, amblyopia and hyperopia. Behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, aggression, anxiety and autism spectrum occur in some cases. Caused by mutations in the HIVEP2 gene leading to a shortage of functional HIVEP2 protein. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutations in the gene. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability associated with short stature, obesity, primary hypogonadism and an ichthyosiform skin condition. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, narrow face with flat cheeks, ptosis, prominent nose with a convex ridge, low-set ears with small or absent lobes, high-arched/cleft palate, micrognathia), associated with premature graying and loss of scalp hair, redundant, dry and wrinkled skin of the palms, premature senility and varying degrees of intellectual disability. Cryptorchidism and skeletal anomalies may also be observed. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Brachydactyly-mesomelia-intellectual disability-heart defects syndrome is a rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, thin habitus with narrow shoulders, mesomelic shortness of the arms, craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. long lower face, maxillary hypoplasia, beak nose, short columella, prognathia, high arched palate, obtuse mandibular angle), brachydactyly (mostly involving middle phalanges) and cardiovascular anomalies (i.e. aortic root dilatation, mitral valve prolapse). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder is a rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth retardation, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism (i.e. severe microcephaly, sloping forehead, prominent eyes, broad nasal ridge, hypoplastic nasal septum, epicanthal folds), spontaneous chromosomal instability, cellular hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and radioresistant DNA synthesis, without severe infections, immunodeficiency or cancer predisposition. Additional reported features include mild spasticity, slight and nonprogressive ataxia, hyperopia, multiple pigmented nevi, widely spaced nipples, and clinodactyly. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Epiphyseal dysplasia-hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, sensorineural hearing impairment, facial dysmorphism (including epicanthus, broad, depressed nasal bridge, broad, fleshy nasal tip, mildly anteverted nares, deep nasolabial folds, broad mouth with thin upper lip) and skeletal anomalies (including abnormally placed thumbs, brachydactyly, scoliosis, dysplastic carpal bones). Patients also present severe behavior disturbances (aggression, hyperactivity), as well as hypopigmented skin lesions and hypoplastic digital patterns. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic cerebral malformation characterized by severe intellectual disability, progressive postnatal microcephaly, axial hypotonia, spastic quadriparesis, seizures and facial dysmorphism (bushy eyebrows, hairy forehead, broad nasal root, long flat philtrum, V-shaped upper lip). Additionally, talipes equinovarus, non-obstructive cardiomyopathy, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, obstructive hydrocephalus and autistic features may also be associated. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, the butterfly sign is characteristically observed and cortical calcifications, agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, brainstem dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia have also been described. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, gastrointestinal problems, hypotonia, delayed speech, behavioral and sleep problems, pain insensitivity, seizures, structural brain anomalies, dysmorphic features, visual problems, early tooth eruption and autistic features. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare neurologic disease characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global developmental delay, feeding difficulties, and often seizures or seizure-like episodes. Other frequently observed signs and symptoms include variable dysmorphic features, myopathic facies, respiratory problems, and visual abnormalities, such as strabismus or esotropia. Brain imaging may show delayed myelination and other white matter abnormalities. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
déficience intellectuelle associée à PPP2R5D (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit b (b56) delta) |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by tall stature due to postnatal overgrowth, mild to moderate intellectual disability, joint hypermobility and subtle distinctive facial features, which often become apparent during adolescence (such as round face, low-set, thick horizontal eyebrows, narrow palpebral fissures and prominent upper-central incisors). Overweight, hypotonia, behavioral and psychiatric problems are common. Other clinical features may involve seizures, cryptorchidism and cardiovascular diseases (including congenital heart disease and aortic root dilatation). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare form of primordial dwarfism, often microcephalic, characterized by short stature, global developmental delay, variable intellectual disability and recognizable dysmorphic facial features (triangular face, prominent forehead, deeply set eyes, low-set ears, wide nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, thick lips, and widely spaced teeth). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability due to GRIN2A mutation is a rare intellectual disability and epilepsy syndrome characterized by global developmental delay and mild to profound intellectual disability, multiple types of usually intractable focal and generalized seizures with variable abnormal EEG findings, and bilateral progressive parenchymal volume loss and thin corpus callosum on brain MRI. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by severe microcephaly of prenatal onset (with diminutive anterior fontanel and sutural ridging), growth retardation, global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ranging from mild to profound), dysmorphic features (sloping forehead, micro/retrognathia, prominent ears) and visual impairments (including microphthalmia to anophthalmia, generalized retinopathy or multiple punched-out retinal lesions, retinal folds with retinal detachment, optic nerve hypoplasia, strabismus, nystagmus). Brain MRI may show reduced cortical size, cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, pachygyria, simplified gyral folding or normal pattern. Other associated features include epilepsy and neurological deficits. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Dauber type is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, severe microcephaly, severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, severe adult short stature and facial dysmorphism (including hypotelorism, small ears, prominent nose). Other reported features include skeletal anomalies (Madelung deformity, clinodactyly, mild lumbar scoliosis, bilateral hip dysplasia) and seizures. Absence of thelarche and menarche is also associated. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Polyneuropathy-intellectual disability-acromicria-premature menopause syndrome is a rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, polyneuropathy, short stature and short limbs, brachydactyly, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Only one familial case with three affected females was described and there have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1971. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
X-linked cerebral-cerebellar-coloboma syndrome is a rare, genetic syndrome with a cerebellar malformation as major feature characterized by cerebellar vermis hypo- or aplasia, ventriculomegaly, agenesis of corpus callosum and abnormalities of the brainstem and cerebral cortex in association with ocular coloboma. Clinically, patients show hydrocephalus at birth, neonatal hypotonia with abnormal breathing pattern, ocular abnormalities with impaired vision, severe psychomotor delay, and seizures. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic behavior, muscular hypotonia, macrocephaly and facial dysmorphism (frontal bossing, short palpebral fissures, low set, dysplastic ears, short or shallow philtrum, high arched or narrow palate, micrognathia). Other associated clinical features include sleep disturbances, seizures, aplasia/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, skeletal abnormalities (large hands and feet, long fingers and toes, talipes). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disease characterized by progressive postnatal microcephaly and global developmental delay, as well as moderate to profound intellectual disability, difficulty or inability to walk, pyramidal signs (including spasticity, hyperreflexia and extensor plantar response) and thin corpus callosum revealed by brain imaging. Ophthalmologic signs (including nystagmus, strabismus and abnormal retinal pigmentation), foot deformity and genital anomalies may also be associated. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Intellectual disability-seizures-macrocephaly-obesity syndrome is a rare syndromic obesity due to complex chromosomal rearrangement characterized by development delay and intellectual disability, childhood-onset obesity, seizures, poor coordination and broad-based gait, macrocephaly and mild dysmorphic features (such as narrow palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia and thin upper lips), eczema, ocular abnormalities and a social personality. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, infantile onset of sensorineural deafness, severe global developmental delay or absent psychomotor development, paraplegia or quadriplegia with dystonia and pyramidal signs, microcephaly, ocular abnormalities (strabismus, optic atrophy), mildly dysmorphic features (deep-set eyes, prominent nasal bridge, micrognathia), seizures and abnormalities of brain morphology (hypomyelinating white matter changes, cerebral atrophy). |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global development delay, developmental regress and severe to profound intellectual disability, infantile onset seizures that are initially associated with febrile episodes with subsequent transition to unprovoked seizures, impaired vision with esotropia and nystagmus, progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, skeletal abnormalities (including brachycephaly, scoliosis, slender long bones, delayed bone age, pectus excavatum and osteopenia), inverted nipples and dysmorphic features including high and narrow forehead, frontal bossing, short nose, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, high palate and wide open mouth consistent with facial hypotonia. Other features may include cardiac abnormalities (such as patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects), urogenital abnormalities (such as nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis), and low plasma concentration of alkaline phosphatase. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Optic atrophy-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and significant visual impairment due to optic nerve atrophy, optic nerve hypoplasia or cerebral visual impairment. Other common clinical signs and symptoms are hypotonia, oromotor dysfunction, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and repetitive behaviors. Dysmorphic facial features are variable and nonspecific. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare partial autosomal monosomy characterized by global development delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities (hyperactivity, attention deficit and autistic behaviors), brachycephaly and variable facial dysmorphism. Other associated features may include vertebral fusions, mild contractures of knees and elbows, and feeding difficulties during infancy. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Infantile cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with postnatal progressive microcephaly is a rare, central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by progressive microcephaly with profound motor delay and intellectual disability, associated with hypertonia, spasticity, clonus, and seizures, with brain imaging revealing severe cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and poor myelination. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by obesity, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (synophrys, high-arched eyebrows, large posteriorly rotated ears, upturned nose, long smooth philtrum, overbite and high palate), large hands and limb hypotonia. Additional features include seizures and behavioral abnormalities. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
3q27.3 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3, characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric disorders of the psychotic and dysthymic spectrum, mild distinctive facial dysmorphism (including slender face, deep-set eyes, high nasal bridge with a hooked nose, small, low- set ears, short philtrum, small mouth with thin upper lip, prognathism) and a marfanoid habitus. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
Developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability is a rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by infant hypotonia and feeding difficulties, global development delay, mild to moderated intellectual disability, delayed independent ambulation, broad-based gait with arms upheld and flexed at the elbow with brisk walking or running, and limited language skills. Behavior patterns are highly variable and range from sociable and affectionate to autistic behavior. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
A rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by early-childhood onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy and psychomotor development delay, dysarthria, gaze-evoked nystagmus and learning disability. Other features in some patients include upper motor neuron signs with leg spasticity and extensor plantar responses, and mild cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. |
Is a |
False |
Intellectual disability |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|