| Members |
languageDialectCode |
typeId |
value |
| A rare, genetic, endocrine disease characterized by defect in conversion of cortisone to active cortisol, resulting in ACTH-mediated excessive androgen release from adrenal glands. Premature adrenarche is typical with precocious pseudopuberty, proportionate tall stature and accelerated bone maturation in males, and hirsutism, oligoamenorrhea, central obesity and infertility in females. Imaging studies may indicate adrenal hyperplasia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hyperbiliverdinemia is a rare, genetic hepatic disease characterized by the presence of green coloration of the skin, urine, plasma and other body fluids (ascites, breastmilk) or parts (sclerae) due to increased serum levels of biliverdin in association with biliary obstruction and/or liver failure. Association with malnutrition, medication, and congenital biliary atresia has also been reported. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare sterol metabolism disorder characterized by increased LDL cholesterol serum levels (which are resistant to treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased rate of bile acid excretion, resulting from cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Premature gallstone disease and/or premature coronary and peripheral vascular disease are frequently associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare congenital disorder of glycosylation characterised by cerebral and portal vein thrombosis, portal hypertension, macrocephaly, and persistent absence seizures. Additional reported features include mild to moderate global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as thrombocytopenia. Brain imaging may show variable stages of infarction and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare adrenal Cushing syndrome characterized by bilateral benign adrenal macronodules (>1 cm) that potentially produce autonomously variable levels of cortisol excess. Although in most cases are ACTH-independent, non-suppressed ACTH levels have been described. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, X-linked, syndromic intellectual disability disease characterized by neonatal hypertonia which evolves to hypotonia and an exaggerated startle response (to sudden visual, auditory or tactile stimuli), followed by the development of early-onset, frequently refractory, tonic or myoclonic seizures. Progressive epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and psychomotor development arrest, with subsequent decline, may be additionally associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare hypereosinophilic syndrome characterized by hypereosinophilia produced by reactive/non-clonal eosinophils secondary to an underlying medical condition and persisting for at least six months. The disorder can derive from non-neoplastic conditions (such as chronic infections and infestations, allergic reactions, intoxications, or autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders) or from neoplasms including non-myeloid malignancies, among others. It is associated with signs of organ infiltration, dysfunction, and damage. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, depending on the organ systems involved, and most commonly include dermatologic, pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and cerebral manifestations. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare syndromic endocrine disease characterized by the association of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cataracts with onset during adolescence. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hyper-IgM syndrome with susceptibility to opportunistic infections is a rare, genetic, non-severe combined immunodeficiency disorder characterized by normal or elevated IgM serum levels with low or absent IgG, IgA and IgE serum concentrations, which manifests with recurrent or severe bacterial infections and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections (in particular, pneumonia due to P. jiroveci, but also chronic cryptosporidial, cryptococcal, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma infections). Hematologic disorders (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia) are frequently associated. Immunologic findings reveal decreased numbers of CD27+ memory B cells and lack of germinal center formation. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hyper-IgM syndrome without susceptibility to opportunistic infections is a rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in adaptive immunity disorder characterized by normal or elevated IgM serum levels with low or absent IgG, IgA and IgE serum concentrations, which manifests with recurrent bacterial sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections, with frequent lymphoid hyperplasia (peripheral lymphadenopathy, tonsillar hypertrophy), with no increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Autoimmune manifestations (including immune cytopenias, arthritis and hepatitis) are occasionally associated. Immunologic findings reveal absent immunoglobulin class switch recombination and lack of defect of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutations in the presence of normal numbers of CD27+ memory B cells. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autoinflammatory disease and form of mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), characterised by periodic attacks of fever and a systemic inflammatory reaction (cervical lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, arthralgia and skin manifestations). The disease usually begins in the first year of life and rarely after 5 years of age. HIDS is an inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene (12q24). These MVK mutations lead to reduced, but not abolished enzyme activity. This in turn leads to impaired control of the production of inflammatory mediators, which in turn cause inflammatory (fever) attacks. The disease follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare diffuse form of congenital hyperinsulinism characterized by an excessive/ uncontrolled insulin secretion (inappropriate for the level of glycemia), chronic hyperammonemia and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia induced by fasting and protein rich meals. Epilepsy and cognitive deficit, which are unrelated to hypoglycemia but possibly related to the chronic hyperammonemia, may also occur. This disorder is usually responsive to diazoxide treatment. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A form of diffuse hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase hyperactivity and characterized by an excessive/uncontrolled insulin secretion (inappropriate for the level of glycemia) and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia induced by fasting and glucose rich meals. The clinical spectrum can range from mild and intermediate cases that respond well to dietary modifications and medical management with diazoxide to severe cases that are unresponsive to diazoxide. The potential development of type 2 diabetes with age is another notable feature. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hyperinsulinism due to HNF1A deficiency is a form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism (DHI), characterized by transient or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) in infancy that is responsive to diazoxide, evolving into maturity-onset diabetes of the young subtype 1 later in life. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A form of diazoxide-sensitive diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism due to HNF4A deficiency and, characterised by macrosomia, transient or persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH), responsiveness to diazoxide and a propensity to develop maturity-onset diabetes of the young subtype 1 (MODY). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal dominant form of familial hyperinsulinism characterized clinically by postprandial hypoglycemia, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and an elevated serum insulin-to-C peptide ratio, and a variable age of onset. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare form of congenital diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism due to short chain 3 hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD; HADH gene) deficiency and characterized by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with seizures and reported to respond well to diazoxide. It presents with the classical manifestations of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Exceptional complications include sudden death, and in one case fulminant hepatic failure. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare form of congenital diazoxide-sensitive diffuse hyperinsulinism due to UCP2 deficiency and characterized by hypoglycemic episodes from the neonatal period, a good clinical response to diazoxide and a probable transient nature of the disease with spontaneous resolution. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare disorder of manganese transport characterized by progressive movement disorder and elevated blood manganese levels. Patients present in infancy or early childhood with loss of motor milestones, rapidly progressive dystonia, spasticity, bulbar dysfunction, and parkinsonism, resulting in loss of independent ambulation. Cognition may be impaired but is generally better preserved than motor function. Additional manifestations include abnormal head growth and skull deformities. Brain MRI shows abnormalities of the basal ganglia, variably also of other brain regions. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypermethioninemia due to glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency is a rare, genetic inborn error of metabolism characterized by a relatively benign clinical phenotype, with only mild to moderate hepatomegaly reported, in addition to laboratory studies revealing permanent, greatly increased hypermethioninemia, mild to moderate elevation of aminotransferases and highly elevated plasma S-adenosyl-methionine with normal S-adenosylhomocysteine and total homocysteine. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypermethioninemia encephalopathy due to adenosine kinase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism disorder characterized by persistent hypermethioninemia with increased levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine which manifests with encephalopathy, severe global developmental delay, mild to severe liver dysfunction, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism (most significant is frontal bossing, macrocephaly, hypertelorism and depressed nasal bridge). Epileptic seizures, hypoglycemia and/or cardiac defects (pulmonary stenosis, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta) may be associated. Clinical picture may range from neurological symptoms only to multi-organ involvement. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia with increased bone density characterized by slowly progressive endosteal hyperostosis and osteosclerosis exclusively of the skull base and the calvaria, resulting in entrapment and dysfunction of cranial nerves I, II, V, VII, and VIII. First symptoms often appear during the second decade of life and include disturbances in smell, vision, facial sensation and expression, hearing, and balance, as well as headaches due to increased ocular and intracranial pressure. After the fourth decade, radiological progression is minimal, although decreased intracranial volume can lead to death in severe cases. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by increased serum phenylalanine, associated with variable neurological symptoms ranging from mild autistic features or hyperactivity to severe intellectual disability, dystonia, and parkinsonism. Laboratory analyses show normal tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism and low levels of the CSF monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic intestinal disease characterized by the presence of multiple (usually large) hyperplastic/serrated colorectal polyps, usually with a pancolonic distribution. Histology reveals hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas (most common), traditional serrated adenomas or mixed polyps. It is associated with an increased personal and familial (first-degree relatives) risk of colorectal cancer. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hyperprolinemia type 2 is an autosomal recessive proline metabolism disorder due to pyroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency. The condition is often benign but clinical signs may include seizures, intellectual deficit and mild developmental delay. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal dominant malformation syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, omphalocoele, cleft lip, ear pits, uterine malformation (bicornuate uterus), and more variably by diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart defects. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypertelorism-microtia-facial clefting syndrome, or HMC syndrome, is a very rare syndrome characterized by the combination of hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate and microtia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, bilateral preauricular sinus, bilateral punctal pits, lacrimal duct obstruction, hearing loss, abnormal palmar flexion creases and bilateral distal axial triradii. Shawl scrotum has also been reported. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic cause of hypertension characterized by severe early-onset therapy-resistant hypertension due to a gain-of-function mutation in the mineralocorticoid receptor. The condition is associated with suppressed plasma renin activity and low serum aldosterone levels and is markedly exacerbated during pregnancy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypertrichosis cubiti is a rare hair anomaly characterized by symmetrical, congenital or early-onset, bilateral hypertrichosis localized on the extensor surfaces of the upper extremities (especially the elbows). Short stature, or other abnormalities, such as developmental delay, facial anomalies and intellectual disability, may or may not be associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, failure to thrive, myopathy with generalized hypotonia and increased creatine kinase, developmental delay and/or regression with cerebral atrophy on brain MRI, renal manifestations including chronic renal failure, renal tubular acidosis and lactic acidosis. Additional clinical features include seizures and respiratory failure. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Cardiomyopathy-hypotonia-lactic acidosis syndrome is characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscular hypotonia and the presence of lactic acidosis at birth. It has been described in two sisters (both of whom died within the first year of life) from a nonconsanguineous Turkish family. The syndrome is caused by a homozygous point mutation in the exon 3A of the SLC25A3 gene encoding a mitochondrial membrane transporter. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism characterised by hypertyrosinaemia with oculocutaneous manifestations and, in some cases, intellectual deficit. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) of childhood due to REN mutations and characterized by early onset hypoproliferative anemia, hyperuricemia, gout, and slowly progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, mitochondrial disease characterized by early-onset progressive renal failure, manifesting with hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, elevated BUN and polyuria, associated with systemic manifestations which include pulmonary hypertension, failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hypotonia and ventricular hypertrophy. Additional features include prematurity, elevated serum lactate, diabetes mellitus and, in some, pancytopenia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare inborn error of zinc metabolism characterized by recurrent infections, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia (unresponsive to iron supplementation) and chronic systemic inflammation in the presence of high plasma concentrations of zinc and calprotectin. Patients typically present dermal ulcers or other cutaneous manifestations (e.g. inflammation) and arthralgia. Severe epistaxis and spontaneous hematomas have also been reported. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| This syndrome is characterized by the association of hypogonadism due to primary gonadal failure, mitral valve prolapse, mild intellectual deficit and short stature. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare endocrine syndrome characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (with primary amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual development) and retinitis pigmentosa. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| This syndrome is characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and frontoparietal alopecia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-severe microcephaly-sensorineural hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, non-acquired pituitary hormone deficiency syndrome characterized by severe, congenital microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (highly arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, convex nasal ridge, protruding ears with underdeveloped superior antihelix crus, micrognathia), bilateral sensorineural deafness and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in association with early feeding problems, myopia, moderate intellectual disability and moderate short stature. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic disease characterised by abnormalities in renal ion transport, ectodermal gland homeostasis, and epidermal integrity, resulting in generalised hypohidrosis, heat intolerance, salt-losing nephropathy, electrolyte imbalance, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis, and xerostomia. Development of nephrolithiasis and severe enamel wear have also been described. Laboratory findings include hypermagnesaemia, hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, and hypocalciuria. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypohidrosis-enamel hypoplasia-palmoplantar keratoderma-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability with significant speech and language impairment, hypohidrosis (often resulting in hyperthermia) with normal sweat gland appearance, tooth enamel hypoplasia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and a high frequency of acquired microcephaly. Mild facial dysmorphism, including lateral flaring of the eyebrows, broad nasal tip, and thick vermilion border, may also be observed. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia and body hemihypertrophy is a rare, genetic, endocrine disease characterized by neonatal macrosomia, asymmetrical overgrowth (typically manifesting as left-sided hemihypertrophy) and recurrent, severe hypoinsulinemic (or hypoketotic hypo-fatty-acidemic) hypoglycemia in infancy, which results in episodes of reduced consciousness and seizures. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis is a cranial malformation characterized by facial dysmorphism (proptosis, frontal bossing, midface and zygomatic arches hypoplasia, short nose with anteverted nostrils, microstomia with persistent buccopharyngeal membrane, severe hypoglossia with glossoptosis, severe mandibular hypoplasia, and low set ears) associated with laryngeal hypoplasia and craniosynostosis. Other variable features include cleft palate, optic nerve coloboma and choanal stenosis. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare disorder characterized by slowly progressive spasticity, extrapyramidal movement disorders (dystonia, choreoathetosis and rigidity), cerebellar ataxia, moderate to severe cognitive deficit, and anarthria/dysarthria. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypomyelination neuropathy-arthrogryposis syndrome is a rare, genetic, limb malformation syndrome characterized by multiple congenital distal joint contractures (including talipes equinovarus and both proximal and distal interphalangeal joint contractures of the hands) and very severe motor paralysis at birth (i.e. lack of swallowing, autonomous respiratory function and deep tendon reflexes), leading to death within first 3 months of life. Fetal hypo- or akinesia, late-onset polyhydramnios and dramatically reduced, or absent, motor nerve conduction velocities (<10 m/s) are frequently associated. Nerve ultrastructural morphology shows severe abnormalities of the nodes of Ranvier and myelinated axons. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurological disorder with characteristics of hypomyelination of early myelinating structures such as the brainstem, cerebellar white matter, optic radiation, and periventricular white matter, while structures acquiring myelin later are better myelinated. Patients present in infancy with nystagmus, developmental delay, and progressive ataxic-spastic or ataxic syndrome. Cognitive functions are normal or only mildly impaired. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic leukodystrophy characterized by diffuse hypomyelination in the supratentorial brain white matter, brain stem and spinal cord. Patients usually present nystagmus, lower limb spasticity, hypotonia, and motor developmental delay, as well as MRI signal abnormalities involving the corpus callosum, anterior brainstem, pyramidal tracts, superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles, dorsal columns and/or lateral corticospinal tracts. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypoparathyroidism-sensorineural deafness-renal disease syndrome is a rare, clinically heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by the triad of hypoparathyroidism (H), sensorineural deafness (D) and renal disease (R). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A very rare dysmorphic disorder characterized by hypoplasia and coloboma of the alar cartilages and telecanthus described in 2 sisters. No new cases with similar features have been reported since 1976. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, congenital X-linked developmental disorder characterized by hydrocephalus of varying degrees of severity, intellectual deficit, spasticity of the legs, and adducted thumbs. The syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders including: X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS), MASA syndrome, X-linked complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia type 1, and X-linked complicated corpus callosum agenesis. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, potentially fatal, genetic, visceral malformation syndrome characterized by neonatal diabetes, hypoplastic or annular pancreas, duodenal and jejunal atresia, as well as gallbladder aplasia or hypoplasia. Patients typically present intrauterine growth restriction, failure to thrive, malnutrition, intestinal malrotation, malabsorption, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, acholia and infections. Cardiac anomalies may also be associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| This syndrome is characterized by the association of severe nasal hypoplasia, hypoplasia of the eyes, hyposmia, hypogeusia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A very rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in three brothers of one South-African family, and characterized by hypospadias and intellectual deficit, in association with microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, joint laxity and beaked nails. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare endocrine disease characterized by severe chronic hypernatremic dehydration caused by decreased intake of water based on impaired thirst perception, due to a selective defect in hypothalamic osmoregulation of thirst. Structural hypothalamic lesions are absent and arginine vasopressin secretion is normal. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypothalamic hamartomas with gelastic seizures is a rare cerebral malformation with epilepsy syndrome characterized by early-onset gelastic (i.e. ictal laughter) or dacrystic (i.e., ictal crying) seizures due to non-neoplastic developmental malformation - hypothalamic hamartomas. In many patients, seizures progress to other seizure types including focal and generalized seizures, with concomitant cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Some patients also present a precocious puberty. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypothyroidism due to mutations in transcription factors involved in pituitary development or function is a type of central congenital hypothyroidism, a permanent thyroid deficiency that is present from birth, characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones caused by disorders in the development or function of the pituitary. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypotonia-speech impairment-severe cognitive delay syndrome is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe, persistent hypotonia (presenting at birth or in early infancy), severe global developmental delay (with poor or absent speech, difficulty or inability to roll, sit or walk), profound intellectual disability, and failure to thrive. Additional manifestations include microcephaly, progressive peripheral spasticity, bilateral strabismus and nystagmus, constipation, and variable dysmorphic facial features (including plagiocephaly, broad forehead, small nose, low-set ears, micrognathia and open mouth with tented upper lip). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A syndromic genetic deafness characterized by erythrokeratoderma, hypotrichosis, nail dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss. Erythema, recurrent skin infections and mucositis have also been associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis of scalp and eyebrows, finger syndactyly, intellectual disability and early eruption of teeth. Facial dysmorphism (i.e. round face with prominent forehead, cheeks and ears, and upward-slanting palpebral fissures), hypoplasia of median and distal phalanges, and kyphosis are additionally observed features. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular degeneration (HJMD) is a very rare syndrome characterized by sparse and short hair from birth followed by progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| An extremely rare syndromic lymphedema disorder characterized by early-onset hypotrichosis, childhood-onset lymphedema, and variable telangiectasia, particularly of the palms. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Hypotrichosis-osteolysis-periodontitis-palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome is an extremely rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis universalis with mild to severe scarring alopecia, acro-osteolysis, onychogryphosis, thin and tapered fingertips, periodontitis and caries leading to premature teeth loss, linear or reticular palmoplantar keratoderma and erythematous, scaling, psoriasis-like skin lesions on arms and legs. Lingua plicata and ventricular tachycardia have also been observed. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare type of keratinopathic ichthyosis characterised by the presence of severe hyperkeratotic lesions and palmoplantar keratoderma. The skin is usually normal at birth. The disease starts in early childhood with severe hyperkeratosis of yellow-brown or grey colour, and of spiky, cobblestone-like (hystrix) or verrucous appearance. Contrary to other keratinopathic ichthyoses, no skin fragility/blister formation or erythroderma is present. The disease results from heterozygous frameshift mutation in a section of the KRT1 gene encoding keratin 1 (K1). These mutations lead to an abnormal supramolecular organisation of keratin intermediate filaments and may be related to defects in cytoplasmic trafficking and integrity of cellular structures such as organelles and nucleus. Transmission is autosomal dominant but some sporadic cases have been reported. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, syndromic congenital ichthyosis characterized by premature birth (at gestational weeks 30-32, in general) in addition to thick, caseous and desquamating epidermis, neonatal respiratory asphyxia, and persistent eosinophilia. After the perinatal period, a spontaneous improvement in the health of affected patients is observed and skin features (vernix caseosa-like scale) evolve into a mild presentation of flat follicular hyperkeratosis with atopy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Ichthyosis-alopecia-eclabion-ectropion-intellectual disability syndrome is an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe generalized lamellar icthyosis at birth with alopecia, eclabium, ectropion and intellectual disability. Although similar to Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, this syndrome lacks the presence of neurologic or macular changes. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment syndrome is characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, intellectual deficit, dwarfism and renal impairment. It has been described in four members of one Iranian family. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Ichthyosis-oral and digital anomalies syndrome is characterized by ichthyosis, unusual facies (small mouth with a thin upper lip and lower lip with a midline groove) and digital anomalies (tapered fingers with a lack of distal flexion creases and wide spacing between the second and third fingers). It has been described in two siblings born to first cousin parents. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, syndromic ichthyosis characterized by a collodion membrane at birth, generalized congenital ichthyosis, microspherophakia, myopia, ectopia lentis, short stature with brachydactyly and joint stiffness, and occasionally mitral valve dysplasia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by persistent CD4 T-cell lymphopenia (less than 300 cells/µL on multiple occasions) not associated with any other underlying primary or secondary immune deficiency. Patients typically present opportunistic infections (with cryptococcal, mycobacterial, candidal, varicella zoster virus infections and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy being the most prevalent), malignancies (mainly lymphoproliferative disorders), or autoimmune disorders. Some individuals are asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic achalasia (IA) is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglutition. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare bone disease characterized by bone resorption affecting the distal phalanx, most commonly the terminal tuft, in the absence of a known cause. Patients present with shortening of the affected fingers or toes, associated with nail abnormalities (dystrophic or hypertrophic nails) and skin changes (such as ulceration or pigment anomalies). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare osteonecrosis characterized by bone necrosis due to disrupted blood supply in the absence of a known cause. Affected bones include the femoral head, talus, vertebral body, humerus, and scaphoid, among others. Patients may initially be asymptomatic but subsequently present with gradually developing refractory pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. If left untreated, the condition may progress to bone collapse with secondary degeneration, fragmentation, and pathological fracture, as well as osteoarthritis. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy is a rare otorhinolaryngologic disease characterized by dysfunction of both peripheral labyrinths or of the eighth cranial nerves, which presents with persistent unsteadiness of gait (particularly in darkness, during eye closure or under impaired visual conditions, or when standing/walking on uneven, soft or wobbly ground) and oscillopsia associated with head movements. The disease may be progressive, presenting no episodes of vertigo, or sequential, presenting recurrent episodes of vertigo. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurologic disease with psychiatric involvement with characteristics of a cluster of signs and symptoms of catatonia that are not associated with any underlying psychiatric or organic disorder or intoxication. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic congenital hypothyroidism (disorder) |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare biliary tract disease characterized by loss of interlobular bile ducts resulting in chronic cholestasis, without any known cause. Loss of less than 50% of interlobular bile ducts is associated with a mild disease course, while loss of the majority of ducts results in a severe form, potentially leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Patients typically present as young or middle-aged adults with episodic jaundice, pruritus, and elevated liver enzymes. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and inflammatory lesions of the skeletal muscle tissue, in the absence of an identifiable causative factor (e.g. parasitic infection, drug intake, systemic or malignant disease). Clinically patients may present focal or generalized muscle weakness and pain, difficulties to walk, motor clumsiness and/or mild bilateral Achilles tendon contracture, as well as elevated serum creatine kinase levels and peripheral blood and/or bone marrow hypereosinophilia. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic linear interstitial keratitis is a rare, acquired ocular disease characterized by migratory or non-migratory, horizontal, linear, stromal infiltrates that may heal spontaneously. Minimal vascularization and scarring may be observed but vision loss is not associated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare vascular skin disease with characteristics of recurrent focal non-inflammatory thrombosis of dermal venulae, predominantly of the lower extremities, resulting in a cutaneous response manifested as pruritus and painful papules and erythematous plaques. The lesions evolve into hemorrhagic vesicles or bullae, which rupture and turn into painful ulcers merging into reticulate, confluent, geometric and painful ulcerations. During a period of a few months, the ulcerations change to porcelain-white atrophic scars with punctate telangiectasia (so-called atrophie blanche). In active disease, lesions in different stages coexist. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 is a rare, acquired, eye disease characterized by unilateral (rarely bilateral) abnormally dilated and tortuous capillaries around the fovea, associated with multiple arteriolar and venular aneurysms, lipid depositions, and intra-retinal cystoid degeneration. It leads to vision loss due to macular edema with hard exudates. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 3 is a rare, acquired, eye disease characterized by progressive visual loss, due to bilateral juxtafoveolar capillary occlusions, capillary telangiectasia, and minimal exudation. It is associated with systemic or cerebral vascular occlusive disease. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare glomerular disease, histologically characterized by thickening of the capillary wall, with immune deposits predominantly containing IgG4 and C3 on the sub-epithelial side, and typically manifesting with nephrotic syndrome. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic neonatal atrial flutter (AFL) is a rare rhythm disorder, characterized by sustained tachycardia in newborns and infants with an atrial rate often at around 440 beats/minute (range 340-580). AFL may manifest as asymptomatic tachycardia, congestive heart failure or hydrops. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare idiopathic glomerular clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse renal lesions that are indistinguishable from the lesions observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the absence of circulating autoantibodies and other systemic features necessary to meet the classification criteria for SLE. Patients may present with nephrotic syndrome, abnormal urinary sediment, acute renal insufficiency, progressive glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. Some patients have been reported to develop a progression to SLE over time. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare ophthalmic disorder characterized by idiopathic orbital inflammation in which the specific target tissue is the optic nerve sheath. Patients typically present with ocular pain, pain on eye movement, visual symptoms with loss of vision progressing over several weeks, dyschromatopsia, and variable visual field defects. Orbital signs and symptoms may be present and include ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and exophthalmos. Optic disc edema is observed in most cases. The condition is usually unilateral. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic panuveitis is a rare inflammatory eye disease, of unknown etiology, characterized by generalized inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid), retina and vitreous with consequent ciliary spasm and posterior synechiae formation, leading to acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral visual impairment and ocular discomfort or pain. Patients present an increased risk of development of cataracts, secondary glaucoma, cystoid macular edema and/or retinal detachment. It could potentially result in vision loss. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare vascular liver disease characterized by widespread or focal cystic dilatation of sinusoidal blood-filled spaces of the liver without any known cause. Lesions can vary in diameter between few millimeters and several centimeters. The condition may remain asymptomatic or manifest with complications including rupture and intraperitoneal hemorrhage, hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, cholestasis, and liver failure. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by prominent subpleural and parenchymal fibroelastosis and pleural fibrosis, predominantly involving the upper lobes. Signs and symptoms include non-productive cough, dyspnea, and recurrent respiratory infections. Pneumothorax is a frequently reported complication. Pulmonary function test reveals a restrictive pattern and reduced diffusing capacity. Computed tomography shows pleural thickening with signs of fibrosis (traction bronchiectasis, architectural distortion, and loss of volume), and reticulation. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic posterior uveitis is a rare, potentially sight-threatening, ocular disease, not attributed to any specific ocular or systemic cause, characterized by focal, multifocal or diffuse non-infectious inflammation in the posterior uvea (i.e. choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis and neuroretinitis). Visual morbidity due to complications (including cystoid macular edema and choroidal neovascularization) has been reported. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis is a rare autoinflammatory syndrome defined as recurrence of pericardial inflammation of unknown origin following the first episode of acute pericarditis and a symptom-free interval of 4-6 weeks or longer. Recurrent attacks of chest pain may be the sole presentation or the chest pain may be accompanied by pericardial friction rub, electrocardiographic or echocardiographic changes, pericardial effusion and increased C-reactive protein. Cardiac tamponade is a rare, life-threatening complication. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurologic disease characterized by unpredictable, transient and spontaneous unresponsiveness lasting from hours to days, with a frequency of three to seven attacks per year, in the absence of readily discernible toxic, metabolic or structural causes. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare retinal vasculopathy disease characterized by idiopathic retinal vasculitis (IRV), aneurysmal dilations (A) at arteriolar bifurcations, and neuroretinitis (N), which if untreated progresses to peripheral capillary non-perfusion, retinal neovascularization, and macular exudation, leading to severe, bilateral vision loss. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare form of scleritis characterised by tender or painful, violet-blueish eye, with oedema and injection of deep scleral vessels, in the absence of infection or systemic autoimmune diseases. The disease may be unilateral or bilateral. Other ocular signs depend on the localisation (anterior or posterior) and on the type of scleritis (diffuse, nodular or necrotising). Extension to other layers of the eye and to peri-ocular tissues as well as visual impairment are potential complications. Idiopathic scleritis is more frequent in children than in adults. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare vascular disease characterised by idiopathic detachment of the layers of the walls of coronary arteries, creating a false lumen which limits the main coronary flow, leading to myocardial ischaemia. Clinical manifestations include acute coronary syndromes, especially ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), syncope, cardiogenic shock, or sudden cardiac death. The condition typically affects young women. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome characterized by the triad of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema in patients who do not respond, or only partially respond, to the initial trial of corticosteroids. Patients may be multidrug resistant or may be sensitive to second-line immunosuppressive therapy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome characterized by pediatric onset of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. Patients respond successfully to the initial standard course of corticosteroids but are resistant to standard therapy for a subsequent relapse and following this relapse remain steroid-resistant. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare otorhinolaryngologic disease characterized by recurrent and severe obstruction of the central airway in the region bounded superiorly by a plane below the glottis and inferiorly by the first two tracheal rings. Symptoms may involve respiratory distress, dysphonia, exertional dyspnea, stridor, chronic cough and wheezing. Diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of apparent etiology and nonspecific respiratory symptoms that can be confounded with other common respiratory diseases and may also occur in late course of the disease. Thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation aims to exclude other causes of subglottic stenosis is therefore essential. Affected patients are almost exclusively Caucasian women between 30-60 years old. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, isolated nail anomaly characterised by brittle, thin, rough, opaque appearing nails with excessive longitudinal ridging. In a less severe form, the nails retain their luster and present with superficial ridging and multiple small geometric pits. In both varieties, superficial scaling of the nail plate and hyperkeratosis of the cuticles, as well as koilonychia and onychoschizia are observed. Any number of nails may be affected, and fingernails are more often affected than toenails. Spontaneous improvement of the condition may occur. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare panuveitis characterized by uni- or bilateral abnormal fluid accumulation within the suprachoroidal space, resulting in internal choroidal elevation, in the absence of any known cause, such as decreased intraocular tension, intraocular tumor, intraocular inflammation or nanophthalmos. Patients typically present a protracted, relapsing-remitting course of visual acuity loss and fundus examination shows annular celio-choroidal detachment and shifting, serous retinal detachment. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare immune dysregulation disease with immunodeficiency characterized by severe, progressive infantile onset inflammatory bowel disease with pancolitis, perianal disease (ulceration, fistulae), recurrent respiratory, genitourinary and cutaneous infections, arthritis and a high risk of B-cell lymphoma. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
FHIR
© HL7.org
|
Server Home |
FHIR Server FHIR Server 3.7.22-SNAPSHOT
|
FHIR Version n/a
User: [n/a]