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| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by failure to thrive, infantile encephalopathy, muscular hypotonia, global developmental delay and regression, pulmonary arterial hypertension, episodes of apnea and bradycardia, respiratory failure, hyperglycinemia, and lactic acidosis. Hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy have also been reported. Brain imaging may show leukoencephalopathy involving variable regions. The disease is typically fatal in early infancy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by infantile onset of severe regression after a period of normal development, epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, movement disorder, cardiomyopathy, hyperglycinemia, and lactic acidosis. Optic atrophy may also be present. Brain imaging findings are highly variable and include white matter abnormalities. The disease is typically fatal in infancy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurometabolic disease, due to a lipoic acid biosynthesis defect, with a highly variable phenotype, typically characterized by early-onset acute or subacute developmental delay or regression frequently associated with feeding difficulties. Clinical severity is variable and may range from mild cases which present a later onset with slow neurological deterioration and general improvement over time to severe cases with clinical signs since birth and leading to early death. Associated manifestations include hypotonia, vision loss, respiratory failure, seizures, and intellectual disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging frequently shows cavitating leukoencephalopathy with lesions in the periventricular/central white matter and parieto-occipital lobes. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, severe, genetic, neurometabolic disease characterized by infantile-onset of progressive neurodevelopmental regression, optic atrophy with nystagmus and diffuse white matter disease. Affected individuals usually have central hypotonia that progresses to limb spasticity and hyperreflexia, eventually resulting in a vegetative state. Recurrent chest infections are frequently associated and seizures (usually generalized tonic-clonic) may occasionally be observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging shows diffuse bilateral symmetric abnormalities in the cerebral periventricular white matter, with variable lesions in other areas but sparing the basal ganglia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by early infantile onset of progressive neurological deterioration with seizures, spasticity, and lack of psychomotor development. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy and abnormalities of neuronal migration. Lactic acidosis is common. The disease is usually fatal in early childhood. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by onset of episodic developmental regression in the first year of life, often in the setting of febrile illnesses, as well as hypotonia and seizures or refractory epileptic encephalopathy. Other observed features include ataxia, dystonia, or optic atrophy, among others. Patients do not achieve independent ambulation or meaningful speech. Brain imaging may show progressive cerebellar or diffuse atrophy and signal abnormalities of the basal ganglia. Serum lactate is often elevated. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A primary bone disorder characterized by development of two or more cartilage capped bony outgrowths (osteochondromas) at the surface of the bones. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, endocrine disease characterized by early onset of polycythemia, and later occurring multiple paraganglioma. Clinical presentation includes hypertension, headaches, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, and high concentration of red blood cells, leading to increased risk of stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Multiple sclerosis-ichthyosis-factor VIII deficiency syndrome is characterized by the association of multiple sclerosis with lamellar ichthyosis and hematological anomalies (beta thalassemia minor and a quantitative deficit of factor VIII-von Willebrand complex). Other clinical manifestations may include eye involvement (optic atrophy, diplopia), neuromuscular involvement (ataxia, pyramidal syndrome, gait disturbance) and sensory disorder. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare subcutaneous tissue disease characterised by growth of symmetric non-encapsulated masses of adipose tissue mostly around the face and neck, with variable clinical repercussions (e.g. reduced neck mobility, compression of respiratory structures). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, vascular disease characterized by congenital dysfunction of smooth muscle throughout the body, manifesting with cerebrovascular disease, aortic anomalies, intestinal hypoperistalsis, hypotonic bladder, and pulmonary hypertension. Congenital mid-dilated pupils non-reactive to light associated with a large, persistent patent ductus arteriosus are characteristic hallmarks of the disease. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Glycogen storage disease due to muscle and heart glycogen synthase deficiency is characterized by muscle and heart glycogen deficiency. It has been described in three siblings (two brothers and their younger sister). The older brother died at 10.5 years of age as a result of sudden cardiac arrest and the younger brother presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rate and blood pressure during exercise, and muscle fatigability. The sister showed no symptoms but a lack of glycogen was identified through muscle biopsy. The syndrome is caused by homozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding muscle glycogen synthase. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare congenital muscular alpha-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies disease characterized by a severe muscle-eye-brain disease-like phenotype associated with intellectual disability, muscular dystrophy, macrocephaly and extended bilateral multicystic white matter disease. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Muscle filaminopathy is a rare myofibrillar myopathy characterized by slowly progressive, proximal skeletal muscle weakness, which is initially more prominent in lower extremities and involves upper extremities with disease progression. Patients present with difficulty climbing stairs, a waddling gait, marked winging of scapula, lower back pain, paresis of limb girdle musculature, hypo-/areflexia and/or mild facial muscle weakness in rare cases. Respiratory muscle weakness is common and cardiac anomalies (conduction blocks, tachycardia, diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy) have been reported in some cases. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare hereditary ataxia characterised by neurogenic muscular atrophy associated with signs of cerebellar ataxia, hypaesthesia, degeneration of the retina, and diabetes mellitus. Onset of the disease is in adolescence and the course is slowly progressive. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Selcen type muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive limb and axial muscle weakness associated with cardiomyopathy and severe respiratory insufficiency during adolescence. The disease manifests during childhood and progresses rapidly. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Muscular hypertrophy-hepatomegaly-polyhydramnios syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by symmetrical muscular hypertrophy, hepatomegaly, polyhydramnios, macrocephaly and mild delay in motor, speech and language development. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Muscular pseudohypertrophy - hypothyroidism, also known as Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by pseudohypertrophy of muscles due to longstanding hypothyroidism. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare intermediate form of open dysraphism between myelomeningocele and saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis without fulfilling the characteristics of one of these two diagnosis, characterized by stretched neurulation of spinal cord attached at the dome of a sac. Partial cerebral signs of open dysraphism can be observed and the meningocele is usually poorly epithelialized. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurodevelopmental syndrome characterised by developmental delay, intellectual disability of varying severity and weight disorders (overweight/obesity and eating behaviour disorders including hyperphagia, tachyphagia, food impulsiveness and a feeling of permanent hunger). Additional clinical features include learning difficulties (may be combined with dysphasia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia), severe language delay, behavioural disorders (stereotypies, impulsiveness or intolerance to frustration, self or hetero aggression, autism spectrum disorder) and non-specific dysmorphism. Epilepsy and ophthalmologic abnormalities can also be observed. Endocrine abnormalities are rarely associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Radiation myelitis is a rare neurological disease characterized by the development of paresthesias, as well as, in severe cases, progressive paresis and paralysis following irradiation of tumors in which the spinal cord is included within the radiation field. Symptoms may develop months or years after radiation therapy was administered. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare closed neural tube defect characterized by cystic dilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord, herniating through a posterior vertebral arch defect (spina bifida) into an expanded cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled dural sac (meningocele). It can be located at the caudal part of the spinal cord (terminal myelocystocele) or above conus (non-terminal myelocystocele). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by pre- and postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, adrenal hypoplasia, genital abnormalities (such as microphallus, hypospadias, or cryptorchidism), thrombocytopenia and/or anemia, recurrent severe invasive infections, and enteropathy with chronic diarrhea. Myelodysplastic syndrome and dysmorphic features (including downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, anteverted nares, camptodactyly, and arachnodactyly, among others) may also be observed. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, malignant, neoplastic disease characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid and/or lymphoid precursors harboring rearrangements in the PDGFRA gene, in the blood, bone marrow and often other tissues as well (spleen, lymph nodes, skin, etc.). It usually presents as chronic eosinophilic leukemia or, less commonly, as acute myeloid leukemia or T-lymphoblastic leukemia with eosinophilia. Patients usually present with eosinophilia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, fever, sweating and/or weight loss. Tissue infiltration by eosinophils can manifest with skin rash, erythema, cough, neurological alterations, gastrointestinal symptoms or, rarely, endomyocardial fibrosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by recurrent, long-lasting myoclonic status in infants and young children with a non-progressive encephalopathy, associated with transient and recurring motor, cognitive and/or behavioral disturbances. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by myoclonic seizures, ataxia, generalized epilepsy, muscle weakness and ragged red fibers in the muscle biopsy. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| This syndrome is characterized by the association of myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia and sensorineural hearing loss. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare systemic disease characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia and/or muscle atrophy that improves with age, proximal joint contractures (knee, hip, elbow), and hypermobility of distal joints. Additional features include soft, doughy skin, atrophic scarring, delayed motor development, and myopathic findings in muscle biopsy. Abnormal craniofacial features have been reported in some patients. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, mitochondrial DNA-related mitochondrial myopathy disorder characterized by slowly progressive muscular weakness (proximal greater than distal), predominantly involving the facial muscles and scapular girdle, associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Neurological involvement and congenital myopathy may be variably observed. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic vacuolar myopathy characterized by mild myopathy or elevated levels of creatine kinase in the blood without associated symptoms. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Myopathy with hexagonally cross-linked tubular arrays is a rare, congenital, non-dystrophic, mild, slowly progressive, proximal myopathy characterized by exercise intolerance and post-exercise myalgia without rhabdomyolysis, associated with highly organized hexagonally cross-linked tubular arrays in skeletal muscle biopsy. Additional features may include muscle atrophy (or diffuse hypotrophy), myalgia with or without muscular weakness, paresis of truncal and limb-girdle musculature, minimal ptosis, lumbar hyperlordosis, decreased deep tendon reflexes, contractures and pes equinovarus. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare soft tissue tumor characterized by a benign subcutaneous lesion composed of oval-to-spindle shaped myoid appearing cells with a tendency for concentric perivascular growth. The tumor usually presents as a painless, slowly growing nodule, which may be solitary or appear as multiple lesions, which then arise metachronously and usually involve a particular anatomic region. Recurrence after surgical excision may occur in poorly circumscribed tumors. Malignancy is very rare. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Myosclerosis is a rare, genetic, non-dystrophic myopathy characterized by early, diffuse, progressive muscle and joint contractures that result in severe limitation of movement of axial, proximal, and distal joints, walking difficulties in early childhood and toe walking. Patients typically present thin, sclerotic muscles with a woody consistency, mild girdle and proximal limb weakness with moderate distal weakness and scoliosis. Muscle biopsy shows partial collagen VI deficiency at the myofiber basement membrane and absent collagen VI around most endomysial/perimysial capillaries. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare arthrogryposis syndrome characterized by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with contractures involving multiple joints of the upper and lower limbs, camptodactyly of fingers and toes, skeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis and pectus excavatum, as well as variable speech and motor delay and hypotonia. Facial dysmorphism includes long eyelashes, periorbital fullness, ptosis, epicanthal folds, high arched/cleft palate, and micrognathia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an inherited giant platelet disorder with a complex phenotype characterized by congenital thrombocytopenia and possible subsequent manifestations of sensorineural hearing loss, presenile cataracts, elevation of liver enzymes, and/or progressive nephropathy often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Epstein syndrome, Fechtner syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly and Sebastian syndrome, previously described as distinct disorders, represent some of the different clinical presentations of MYH9-RD. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, skeletal muscle channelopathy characterized by slow muscle relaxation after contraction (myotonia). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A form of potassium-aggravated myotonia (PAM) which is cold insensitive, dramatically fluctuating and profoundly worsened by potassium ingestion. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A very rare, persistent and more severe form of potassium-aggravated myotonia (PAM). |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Myxopapillary ependymoma (MEPN) describes a slow growing ependymoma located almost exclusively in the conus medullaris-cauda equina-filum terminale region of the spinal cord, presenting in all age groups, and manifesting with variable symptoms such as neck pain, vomiting and unsteady gait and metastasis. It has a more aggressive disease course and is seen in the paediatric population. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, fatal multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism (including dolichocephaly/scaphocephaly, high frontal hairline, laterally overlapping upper eyelids, hypertelorism, prominent eyelashes, deep-set eyes, macrocornea, nystagmus, dysplastic ears, abnormal auricles, prominent nasal bridge, dental dysplasia), visual impairment, deafness, seizures, generalized skeletal dysplasia, high fingerprint ridge count, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, spasticity and severe intellectual disability. An increased chromosome breakage and a fatal lymphoid malignancy have been reported. There has been no further description in the literature since 1974. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, inborn error of metabolism disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, choreoathetosis, hypo-/alacrimia, and liver dysfunction which manifests with elevated liver transaminases and hepatocyte cytoplasmic storage material or vacuolization on liver biopsy. Additional features reported include acquired microcephaly, hypo-/areflexia, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, intellectual and language/speech disability, additional ocular anomalies and EEG and brain imaging abnormalities. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurometabolic disease characterized by infantile onset of repeated episodes of developmental regression and neurodegeneration, often triggered by febrile illnesses. Patients present with lethargy, hypotonia, irritability, gait ataxia, loss of speech, movement disorder, seizures, ophthalmoplegia, and hearing loss. Brain imaging shows generalized cerebral atrophy and bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities. Extensive skin lesions, cardiomyopathy, and pancytopenia have been reported in association. The condition is fatal in the first years of life. |
en |
Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurometabolic disease characterized by infantile onset of rapidly progressive neurological deterioration, typically precipitated by a febrile illness. Patients present with hypotonia, loss of previously acquired motor milestones and cognitive skills, ataxia, nystagmus, tremor, seizures, tetraparesis, and respiratory failure, eventually resulting in a vegetative state. Imaging of the brain and spinal cord may show white matter abnormalities, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar edema, and spinal myelopathy. Subacute development of extensive bullous skin lesions within weeks of onset of neurological symptoms has also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| NEK9-related lethal skeletal dysplasia is a rare, lethal, primary bone dysplasia characterized by fetal akinesia, multiple contractures, shortening of all long bones, short, broad ribs, narrow chest and thorax, pulmonary hypoplasia and a protruding abdomen. Short, bowed femurs may also be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare leukodystrophy characterized by a spectrum of progressive neurologic manifestations comprising rapidly progressive early-onset nystagmus, spastic tetraplegia, and visual and hearing impairment, resulting in death in early childhood, as well as later onset of slowly progressive complex spastic ataxia with pyramidal and cerebellar symptoms and loss of developmental milestones. Brain imaging shows diffuse hypomyelination of the subcortical and deep white matter, cerebellar atrophy, and diffuse spinal cord volume loss. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare hereditary periodic fever syndrome characterized by infantile or childhood onset of episodes of fever and cold-induced urticaria-like rash and arthralgias. Ocular features such as conjunctivitis and uveitis may also be present. Presentation is typically mild, and symptoms resolve without treatment in most cases. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by episodic and recurrent periods of fever combined with various systemic manifestations such as myalgia, arthralgia, joint swelling, urticaria, headache and skin rash. Common trigger of these episodes is cold. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Nail and teeth abnormalities-marginal palmoplantar keratoderma-oral hyperpigmentation syndrome is a rare genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by short stature, nail dystrophy and/or nail loss, oral mucosa and/or tongue hyperpigmentation, dentition abnormalities (delayed teeth eruption, hypodontia, enamel hypoplasia), keratoderma on the margins of the palms and soles and focal hyperkeratosis on the dorsum of the hands and feet. Additionally, dysphagia with esophageal strictures, sensorineural deafness, bronchial asthma and severe iron-deficiency anemia have been observed. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare hereditary patellar dysostosis characterised by nail hypoplasia or aplasia, aplastic or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and the presence of iliac horns as well as renal and ocular anomalies. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare ophthalmic disease and a severe form of microphthalmia (small eye phenotype) characterized by a small eye with a short axial length, severe hyperopia, an elevated lens/eye ratio, and a high incidence of angle-closure glaucoma. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral lid coloboma, and telecanthus. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Native American myopathy (NAM) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness, arthrogryposis, kyphoscoliosis, short stature, cleft palate, ptosis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Natural killer (NK)-cell enteropathy is a benign NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by minor abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, diverticulosis, constipation and reflux) due to NK cell-derived lesions in the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract and often mistaken for NK or T-cell lymphoma. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, life-threatening, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome disease characterized by severe, progressive sensorimotor neuropathy associated with corneal ulceration, scarring or anesthesia, acral mutilation, metabolic and immunologic derangement, and hepatopathy (which can manifest with fulminant hepatic failure, a Reye-like syndrome or indolent progression to liver cirrhosis, depending on clinical form involved), present in the Navajo Native American population. Clinical presentation includes failure to thrive, distal limb weakness with reduced sensation, limb contractures with loss of function, areflexia, recurrent metabolic acidosis with intercurrent illness, immunologic anomalies manifesting with severe systemic infections, and sexual infantilism. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Staphylococcal necrotizing pneumonia is a rare, bacterial, pulmonary infectious disease, caused by a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strain, characterized by severe respiratory failure, extensive, rapidly progressing pneumonia and hemorrhagic lung necrosis. Patients typically present with influenza-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, and chest pain, as well as hemoptysis, hypotension, leukopenia, and severe respiratory symptoms that rapidly evolve to acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. High mortality is associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal Marfan syndrome is a rare, severe and life-threatening genetic disease, occurring during the neonatal period, characterized by classical Marfan syndrome manifestations in addition to facial dysmorphism (megalocornea, iridodonesis, ectopia lentis, crumpled ears, loose redundant skin giving a senile facial appearance), flexion joint contractures, pulmonary emphysema, and a severe, rapidly progressive cardiovascular disease (including ascending aortic dilatation and severe mitral and/or tricuspid valve insufficiency). Additionally, skeletal manifestations (arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, pectus deformities) are also associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome is a rare, secondary, neonatal autoimmune disease characterized by single or recurrent episodes of venous, arterial or mixed thrombosis in a neonate whose mother does not have antiphospholipid syndrome manifestations. Patients present positive antiphospholipid antibodies and may have additional abnormalities associated (e.g. cardiac valve disease, livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, nephropathy, neurological manifestations). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, secondary, neonatal autoimmune disease characterized by onset of hemolytic anemia in the neonatal period associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Hepatosplenomegaly may be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal brainstem dysfunction is a rare neurologic disease characterized by the association of suction-swallowing dysfunction, abnormal laryngeal sensitivity and motility manifesting with dyspnea or obstructive apnea-hypopnea. gastroesophageal reflux (generally resistant to medication) and cardiac vagal overactivity (e.g. brachycardia, vasovagal episodes) of varying degrees of severity. Impaired social interaction has also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare non-inflammatory vasculopathy characterised by intracompartmental pressure typically in a distal upper extremity due to intrauterine ischaemia and external compression. Affected limb presents significant swelling and sentinel skin changes (desquamation, blister/bullae formation, and skin necrosis). It can lead to long-term sequelae including Volkmann contracture, limb length discrepancies, bone growth abnormalities and nerve lesions. Neurologic involvement, ranging from sensory and motor nerve palsies to complete hand paralysis, may persist. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare secondary neonatal autoimmune disease characterized by generalized weakness, severe hypotonia, absent or reduced deep tendon reflexes, and highly elevated serum creatine kinase levels presenting in the neonatal period. Perifascicular atrophy in the presence of a diffuse perivascular inflammatory cell exudate is observed on muscle biopsy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, and congenital hypothyroidism. Additional manifestations include congenital glaucoma, hepatic disease (hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis), polycystic kidneys, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, sensorineural hearing impairment, developmental delay, and mild facial dysmorphism (such as flat nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, long philtrum, and low-set ears), among others. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by neonatal onset of severe cardiac and/or neurologic signs and symptoms mostly associated with a fatal outcome in the neonatal period or in infancy, although a milder phenotype with later onset and slowly progressive neurologic deterioration has also been reported. Clinical manifestations are variable and include respiratory insufficiency, hypotonia, cardiomyopathy, and seizures. Serum lactate is elevated in most cases. Brain imaging may show cerebellar atrophy or hypoplasia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurometabolic disease characterized by early neonatal refractory seizures, hypotonia, and respiratory failure. Brain imaging reveals simplified gyral pattern of the frontal lobes, white matter abnormalities, gliosis and volume loss in various brain regions, and vasogenic edema. Serum glutamine levels are significantly elevated. Death occurs within weeks after birth. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease is a rare, life-threatening, autoinflammatory syndrome with immune deficiency disorder characterized by early-onset, life-long inflammation, affecting the skin and bowel, associated with recurrent infections. Patients present perioral and perianal psoriasiform erythema and papular eruption with pustules, failure to thrive associated with chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, intercurrent gastrointestinal infections and feeding troubles, as well as absent, short or broken hair and trichomegaly. Recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections lead to recurrent blepharitis, otitis externa and bronchiolitis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A mild subtype of citrin deficiency characterized clinically by low birth weight, failure to thrive, transient intrahepatic cholestasis, multiple aminoacidemia, galactosemia, hypoproteinemia, hepatomegaly, decreased coagulation factors, hemolytic anemia, variable but mostly mild liver dysfunction, and hypoglycemia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare unclassified autoinflammatory syndrome characterised by neonatal onset pancytopenia, type I interferon-dependent multisystemic autoinflammation, painful rash with variable frequencies and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Failure to thrive, fever, gastrointestinal/upper respiratory tract infections, enterocolitis, hepatosplenomegaly, myelofibrosis and neurodevelopmental delay are other common clinical features. Facial dysmorphism including macrocephaly, mild frontal bossing, sparse hair, mild hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge can be present. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare secondary neonatal autoimmune disease characterized by neonatal onset of erythematous skin lesions with a linear appearance that gradually become indurated and hyperpigmented and progressively present skin atrophy. Positive serum antibodies (in particular antinuclear antibodies and/or rheumatoid factor) may be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis (NISCH syndrome) is a very rare complex ichthyosis syndrome characterized by scalp hypotrichosis, scarring alopecia, ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is characterized by severe hypercalcemia (> 3.5 mM) from birth and associated with major hyperparathyroidism. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| NPHP3-related Meckel-like syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic renal malformation characterized by cystic renal dysplasia with or without prenatal oligohydramnios, central nervous system abnormalities (commonly Dandy-Walker malformation), congenital hepatic fibrosis, and absence of polydactyly. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a rare genetic disorder of water balance, closely resembling the far more frequent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic secretion (SIAD) and characterized by euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia due to impaired free water excretion and undetectable or low plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare ciliopathy characterized by the association of nephronophthisis and liver fibrosis. Renal manifestations include chronic renal failure, polyuria, polydipsia, anemia, as well as increased echogenicity on renal ultrasound and interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilation on biopsy. Hepatic involvement manifests as hepatosplenomegaly with extensive fibrosis, destruction of the bile ducts, and cholestasis. Mild psychomotor retardation and ocular symptoms, such as strabismus, nystagmus, retinal degeneration, and anisocoria, have been reported in some patients. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare syndromic deafness characterized by renal failure without hematuria, parathyroid hyperplasia and sensorineural deafness. There have been no further reports since 1989. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by urinary tract anomalies, nephrosis, conductive deafness, and digital malformations, including short and bifid distal phalanges of thumbs and big toes. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1962. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, renal disease characterized by hereditary nephritis leading to nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal failure associated with sensorineural hearing loss and pretibial skin blistering followed by atrophy. Other reported manifestations include bilateral lacrimal duct stenosis, dystrophic teeth and nails, bilateral cervical ribs, unilateral kidney, distal vaginal agenesis and anemia due to beta-thalassemia minor. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome is a rare, genetic, progeroid syndrome characterized by a prematurely aged appearance associated with severe osteolysis (notably on mandible, clavicles, ribs, distal phalanges, and long bones), osteoporosis, generalized lipoatrophy and absence of cardiovascular, atherosclerotic and metabolic complications, presenting a relatively long survival. Additional characteristics include growth retardation, joint stiffness (mainly of fingers, hands, knees, and elbows), wide cranial sutures, dysmorphic facial features (prominent eyes, convex nasal ridge, malocclusion, dental crowding, thin lip vermillion, microretrognathia) and persistent eyebrows, eyelashes and scalp hair. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) is a rare, multiple malformation syndrome characterised by severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), severe microcephaly with a sloping forehead, severe ichthyosis (collodion baby type), and facial dysmorphism. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by infantile or childhood onset of recurrent acute encephalopathic episodes with cerebellar and extrapyramidal involvement following febrile illnesses. During the episodes, patients typically show sudden onset of truncal ataxia, occasionally accompanied by lethargy and impairment of speech, as well as choreic and athetoid movements, seizures, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and presence of pathological reflexes. Episodes last from day to weeks and may leave residual symptoms such as speech impairment and poor coordination. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neuhauser anomaly is a rare cardiovascular morphological anomaly due to maldevelopment of embryonal aorta resulting in right aortic arch and left ligamentum arteriosum characterized by tracheoesophageal compression symptoms (stridor, dyspnea, dysphagia, apneic episodes, recurrent respiratory infections). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability and absence of expressive language. Muscular hypotonia, seizures, autistic behaviour and stereotypic movements are common. The disorder is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous intragenic deletions or truncating variants in the NRXN1 gene (2p16.3). NRXN1 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved family of neurexins, presynaptic transmembrane proteins and has an important role in synaptic function. Inheritance is autosomal recessive. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Disease with characteristics of delayed motor development, hypotonia and progressive neurodegeneration. To date, it has been described in four boys. The syndrome is caused by mutations affecting the two alleles of the HIBCH gene, encoding 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase which is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HIBCH gene on chromosome 2q32. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurological syndrome with characteristics of cerebellar ataxia, neurodevelopmental delay, poor motor development and growth, mild to severe intellectual disability and infantile-onset hypotonia. Many patients have cardiac conduction and rhythm anomalies (including bundle branch block, bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, intraventricular conduction delay, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia) in childhood or adolescence. Additional clinical features may include variable ocular anomalies and dysmorphic features. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare syndromic intellectual disability without congenital anomalies/specific dysmorphic phenotype characterised by delayed psychomotor development, severe intellectual disability, delayed or absent speech development, hypotonia, ataxic gait and feeding difficulties. Clinical symptoms are evident from early infancy. Majority of the patients also present with behavioural abnormalities (including autistic features, aggressive behaviour, low frustration tolerance, and stereotypies such as hand-flapping). Additional clinical features may include inability to walk, seizures, hearing loss, sleep abnormalities, joint hyperlaxity. Nonspecific dysmorphic facial features (small head, strabismus, epicanthal folds, synophrys, high palate, low-set ears, orofacial hypotonia, full eyelids, and eversion of the lower lip) may also be present. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, early-onset seizures, cerebellar atrophy, osteopenia, nystagmus and dysmorphic facial features, including bitemporal narrowing, prominent forehead, anteverted nares. Dysarthria, dysmetria, ataxic gait, spasticity and dysmorphic features have also been associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, craniofacial dysmorphism (such as ridged metopic sutures, long palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, hypoplastic alae nasi, low-set, prominent ears, prominent midline tongue groove, and downturned mouth), congenital heart defects, and variable skeletal abnormalities including hip dysplasia, vertebral anomalies, and scoliosis. Additional reported manifestations include high pain tolerance and genitourinary anomalies. Brain imaging may show a thin corpus callosum or white matter abnormalities. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurological disease characterized by silvery hair, profound dysfunction of central nervous system, abnormal melanocytes and melanosomes and abnormal inclusion bodies in fibroblast and other cells. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma is a type of thymic epithelial neoplasm displaying evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare epithelial tumor of the large intestine, arising from enterochromaffin cells, most commonly in the cecum or ascending colon. The tumor is usually slow-growing and can be diagnosed as an incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient, while in the later stages patients can present with abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, changes in bowel habits, signs of bowel obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, anorexia, weight loss or, rarely, carcinoid syndrome (facial flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypo- and hypertension, cardiac abnormalities). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, very aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasm characterized by the presence of nodular mass(es) arising from the neck, fundus or body of the gallbladder or by diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall. Patients may be asymptomatic (diagnosed incidentally after surgical resection of the gallbladder) or may present epigastric pain, abdominal mass and/or non-specific symptoms, such as nausea, jaundice, flushing, cough, wheezing, ascites, and anepithymia. Paraneoplastic syndromes, such as Cushing syndrome, hypercalcemia, acanthosis nigricans, bullous pemphigoid, dermatomyositis and the Leser-Trélat sign, may be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neurofaciodigitorenal syndrome is a rare multiple developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by neurological abnormalities (including megalencephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, abnormal EEG), dysmorphic facial features (high prominent forehead, grooved nasal tip, ptosis, ear anomalies) and acrorenal defects (such as triphalangism, broad halluces, unilateral renal agenesis). Additionally, intrauterine growth restriction, short stature and congenital heart defects may be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1997. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS) is a RASopathy and a variant of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) characterized by the combination of features of NF1, such as café-au-lait spots, iris Lisch nodules, axillary and inguinal freckling, optic nerve glioma and multiple neurofibromas, and Noonan syndrome (NS), such as short stature, typical facial features (hypertelorism, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set posteriorly rotated ears with a thickened helix, and a broad forehead), congenital heart defects and unusual pectus deformity. As these three entities have significant phenotypic overlap, molecular genetic testing is often necessary for a correct diagnosis (such as when café-au-lait spots are present in patients diagnosed with NS). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neurofibromatosis type 6 (NF6), also referred as café-au-lait spots syndrome, is a cutaneous disorder characterized by the presence of several café-au-lait (CAL) macules without any other manifestations of neurofibromatosis or any other systemic disorder. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita characterized by congenital immobility of the limbs with fixation of multiple joints and muscle wasting. This condition is secondary to neurogenic muscular atrophy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A clinically heterogeneous progressive condition characterised by a combination of proximal neurogenic muscle weakness, sensory-motor neuropathy, ataxia, and pigmentary retinopathy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, neuromuscular disease characterized by adult-onset muscle weakness and atrophy in a scapuloperoneal distribution, mild involvement of the facial muscles, dysphagia, and gynecomastia. Elevated serum CK levels and mixed myopathic and neurogenic abnormalities are associated clinical findings. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neurolymphomatosis is a rare syndrome of peripheral and cranial nerve dysfunction in patients with hematologic malignancies, mostly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or acute leukemia, characterized by painful or painless involvement of peripheral or cranial nerves or nerve roots. The clinical presentation is diverse depending on the site involved and includes plexopathy, mononeuritis multiplex, peripheral neuropathy, radiculopathy and cranial nerve palsies. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a very rare multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and glial cells, and neuronal loss. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neutropenia-monocytopenia-deafness syndrome is characterized by neutropenia with myeloid marrow hypoplasia, monocytopenia, and congenital deafness. It has been described in three siblings who suffered recurrent bacterial infections. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by neutrophilia with severe neutrophil dysfunction, leukocytosis, a predisposition to bacterial infections and poor wound healing, including an absence of pus in infected areas. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, life-threatening, cutaneous disease characterized by a keratinocytic epidermal nevus presenting thick, hystrix-like, white or brownish hyperkeratosis associated with multiple extracutaneous vascular malformations, including angiodysplasia that involves large-vessel arteriovenous shunts that may be fatal during the neonatal period. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
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