1292992004: Component annotation with string value reference set (foundation metadata concept)

SNOMED CT Concept\SNOMED CT Model Component\Foundation metadata concept (foundation metadata concept)\Reference set\Component annotation with string value reference set (foundation metadata concept)

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 01-Nov 2023. Module: SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module

5276957018 Component annotation with string value reference set (foundation metadata concept) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)

5276958011 Component annotation with string value reference set en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Component annotation with string value reference set (foundation metadata concept)	Is a	Reference set	true	Inferred relationship	Some

Members	languageDialectCode	typeId	value
X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia Chassaing-Lacombe type is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by chondrodysplasia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hydrocephaly and facial dysmorphism in the affected males.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare disorder of heme metabolism characterized by severe cutaneous photosensitivity in affected boys and sometimes in girls, manifesting in childhood.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked dyserythropoietic anemia with abnormal platelets and neutropenia is a rare, genetic, constitutional dyserythropoietic anemia disorder characterized by moderate to severe anemia without thrombocytopenia, variable degrees of neutropenia, and bone marrow biopsy findings of trilineage dysplasia and hypocellularity of erythroid and granulocytic lineages. Peripheral blood findings include anisocytosis, macrocytosis, poikilocytosis, elliptocytes, and fragmented erythrocytes.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy (XECD) is a rare subtype of posterior corneal dystrophy characterized by congenital ground glass corneal clouding or a diffuse corneal haze, and blurred vision in male patients.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked epilepsy-learning disabilities-behaviour disorders syndrome is characterised by epilepsy, learning difficulties, macrocephaly, and aggressive behaviour. It has been described in males from a four-generation kindred. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait and is likely to be caused by mutations in the gene encoding synapsin I (Xp11.3-q12).	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare syndromic genetic deafness characterized by congenital hearing loss, atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canal, dilated internal auditory canal, malformation of the inner ear (incomplete separation of the cochlea basal turn from the fundus of the internal auditory canal), in combination with abnormal auricular shape and facial dysmorphism (including thick eyebrows, ptosis, broad nasal root, and telecanthus). Intelligence is normal and developmental delay is absent.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features (such as facial asymmetry, prominent forehead, short palpebral fissures, low nasal bridge, smooth and long philtrum, thin upper lip, and low-set, posteriorly rotated, dysplastic ears), exclusively affecting females. Additional reported manifestations include short stature, choanal atresia, scoliosis, congenital ocular, dental, cardiac, and urogenital anomalies, as well as hypotonia, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities, among others.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare peripheral neuropathy characterized by the association of an axonal sensory and autonomic neuropathy with hearing loss.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare immunodysregulatory disease characterized by refractory diarrhea, endocrinopathies, cutaneous involvement, and infections.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked immunoneurologic disorder is characterized by immune deficiency and neurological disorders in females, and by neonatal death in males.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Abidi type is characterized by X-linked intellectual deficit and mild variable manifestations, including short stature, small head circumference, sloping forehead, hearing loss, abnormally shaped ears, and small testes. It has been described in eight affected males from three generations.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Armfield type is characterized by intellectual deficiency, short stature, seizures, and small hands and feet. It has been described in six males from three generations of one family. Three of them also had cataracts/glaucoma and two of them had cleft palate. The locus has been mapped to the terminal 8 Mb of Xq28.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by variable intellectual deficit, macrocephaly, short stature, and facial dysmorphism (such as prominent forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal tip, anteverted nostrils, thick lower lip, and localized microdontia). Additional reported features include seizures, post-pubertal macroorchidism, obesity, and short, broad hands with tapered fingers.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID) with severe speech impairment, and short stature. Variable additional clinical features have been associated, including behavioral disturbances, gait abnormalities, tremor, seizures, hypogonadism, truncal obesity, unspecific facial dysmorphism, and small hands and feet.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked intellectual disability characterized by marked neonatal hypotonia, progressive quadriparesia, severely delayed developmental milestones (walking at 3 years of age), gastroesophageal reflux, stereotypic movements of the hands, esotropia and infantile autism.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare developmental defect characterized by mild intellectual deficit associated with short stature, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, microcephaly and mild facial dysmorphism (deep-set eyes, prominent supraorbital ridges, a high nasal bridge and large ears).	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Hedera type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by an onset in infancy of delayed motor and speech milestones, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and drop attacks, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional, less common manifestations include scoliosis, ataxia (resulting in progressive gait disturbance), and bilateral pes planovalgus. Physical appearance is normal with no dysmorphic features reported.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked mental retardation, Miles-Carpenter type is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, microcephaly, exotropia and low digital arches.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Nascimento type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability (with severe speech impairment), a myxedematous appearance, dysmorphic facial features (including large head, synophrys, prominent supraorbital ridges, almond-shaped and deep-set eyes, large ears, wide mouth with everted lower lip and downturned lip corners), low posterior hairline, short, broad neck, marked general hirsutism and abnormal hair whorls, skin changes (e.g. dry skin or hypopigmented spots), widely spaced nipples, obesity, micropenis, onychodystrophy and seizures.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability, seizures, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, resulting in premature death in affected males. Additional reported manifestations include mild dysmorphic facial features (such as epicanthic folds, high nasal bridge, or small mouth), gait disturbances, brisk tendon reflexes, delayed bone age, and tapering fingers. No evident heterozygous manifestation has been reported in females.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, growth retardation with short stature, deafness and ophthalmoplegia. Choreoathetosis with muscle spasticity generally appears during childhood.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Seemanova type is characterised by microcephaly, intellectual deficit, growth retardation and hypogenitalism. It has been described in four boys from one family. A characteristic facies and ophthalmologic anomalies were also present and included microphthalmia, microcornea and cataract. Transmission is X-linked.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual disability, microcephaly and short stature in male patients. Strabismus and spastic diplegia have also been described.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Siderius type is characterized by mild to borderline intellectual deficit associated with cleft lip/palate. Preaxial polydactyly, large hands and cryptorchidism are sometimes present. The syndrome has been described in seven boys from two families. Transmission is X-linked and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the PHF8 gene, localized to the p11.21 region of the X chromosome.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Stevenson type is characterized by intellectual deficit, hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, tapered fingers and excessive fingerprint arches, genu valgum, a characteristic face and small teeth. It has been described in four males from two generations of one family. The causative gene appears to be located in the q13 region of the X chromosome.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Stocco Dos Santos type is characterized by severe intellectual deficit with hyperactivity, language delay, congenital hip luxation, short stature, kyphosis and recurrent respiratory infections. Aggressive behavior and frequent epileptic seizures may also be present. The syndrome has been described in four boys from the same family. Transmission is X-linked and is caused by mutations in the KIAA1202 gene, localized to the Xp11.2 region.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Stoll type is characterized by intellectual deficit, short stature and characteristic facies (hypertelorism, prominent forehead, frontal bossing, a broad nasal tip and anteverted nares). It has been described in four males from three generations of the same family. Two females from this family also displayed intellectual deficit and the characteristic facies. Transmission is X-linked.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterised by developmental delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability, low birth weight, moderate to severe short stature, microcephaly and variable hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Mild facial dysmorphism include upslanted palpebral fissures and prominent nasal bridge.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability, Wilson type is characterized by severe intellectual deficit with mutism, epilepsy, growth retardation and recurrent infections. It has been described in three males from three generations of one family. The causative gene has been localized to the 11p region of the X chromosome.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-epilepsy-progressive joint contractures-dysmorphism syndrome is characterized by intellectual deficit, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism and progressive joint contractures. It has been described in two boys. Hypotonia and feeding problems at birth were also reported. The mode of transmission is X-linked.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterised by severe to profound intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia in childhood, delayed walking, delayed or minimal/absent speech, behavioural abnormalities including aggressiveness, agitation, and self-injurious behaviour, and dysmorphic facial features (such as triangular face with high forehead, prominent ears, and small, pointed chin). Additional reported manifestations include microcephaly, short stature, and seizures, among others.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability associated with epilepsy, short stature, autistic features and behavioral problems, such as self-injury and aggressive outbursts. Observed facial dysmorphism includes brachycephaly, prominent supraorbital ridges, and deep set eyes. Additional variable manifestations include malposition of feet, asthenic habitus, hyporeflexia, bowel occlusions, hydronephrosis, ren arcuatus, delayed motor development and disturbed sleep-wake cycle.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-acromegaly-hyperactivity syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, acromegaly and hyperactivity. The syndrome has been described in two half-brothers. Dysarthria, aggressive behavior, a characteristic facies (an acromegalic and triangular face with a long nose) and macroorchidism were also present. The mother displayed moderate intellectual deficit and milder facial anomalies. Central nervous system anomalies were identified in the two boys: subarachnoid cysts and hyperdensity in the pontine region.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by non-progressive ataxia, apraxia, variable intellectual disability and/or visuospatial, visuographic and visuoconstructive dysfunctions in male patients. Seizures, congenital clubfoot and macroorchidism have also been associated. Partial clinical expression was noted in obligate female carriers. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual deficit-cerebellar hypoplasia, also known as OPHN1 syndrome, is a rare syndromic form of cerebellar dysgenesis characterized by moderate to severe intellectual deficit and cerebellar abnormalities.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-cubitus valgus-dysmorphism syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit, marked cubitus valgus, mild microcephaly, a short philtrum, deep-set eyes, downslanting palpebral fissures and multiple nevi. Less than ten individuals have been described so far. Transmission is thought to be X-linked recessive.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, subcortical cerebral atrophy, dental anomalies, patella luxation, lower back skin dimple, and dysmorphic facial features.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moderate intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features (such as prominent glabella, synophrys, and prognathism), generalized hirsutism, bilateral single palmar creases, and seizures. Additional reported manifestations include slowly progressive neurological deterioration with muscular weakness and impaired gait and balance, as well as hypogammaglobulinemia with specific absence of plasma and/or secretory IgA, among others. Brain imaging may show mild cerebellar atrophy and thin corpus callosum.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual deficit, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly, and prominent forehead in male patients. Females may display moderate intellectual deficit without craniofacial dysmorphism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, psychomotor developmental delay, generalized seizures, and psoriasis. Mild craniofacial dysmorphism, such as hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nares, macrostomia, highly arched palate and large ears, is also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-cardiomegaly-congestive heart failure syndrome is a rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by profound intellectual disability, global developmental delay with absent speech, seizures, large joint contractures, abnormal position of thumbs and middle-age onset of cardiomegaly and atrioventricular valve abnormalities, resulting in subsequent congestive heart failure. Additional features include variable facial dysmorphism (notably large ears with overfolded helix) and large testes.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth retardation, hypotonia, cerebellar symptoms such as ataxia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and dysmorphic craniofacial features (including microcephaly, dolichocephaly, prominent ears, epicanthus, broad nasal bridge, long and flat philtrum, or small mouth). Additional reported manifestations are epilepsy, retinitis pigmentosa, and urogenital abnormalities, among others. Brain imaging may show cerebellar hypoplasia.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-craniofacioskeletal syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities in association with mild intellectual disability in females and early postnatal lethality in males. In addition to mild cognitive impairment, females present with microcephaly, short stature, skeletal features and extra temporal lobe gyrus. In males, intrauterine growth impairment, cardiac and urogenital anomalies have been reported.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth retardation, hearing impairment, characteristic facial dysmorphology (including prominent supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, deep-set eyes, long face, sagging cheeks, anteverted nares, and pointed chin), generalized hypotonia, joint hypermobility, gluteal crease with sacral caudal remnant and sacral dimple, and variable neurological features. Various ophthalmic, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular anomalies have also been described.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability associated with short stature, obesity, primary hypogonadism and an ichthyosiform skin condition. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability associated with variable features, including hypotonia, dyskinesia, spasticity, wide-based gait, microcephaly, epilepsy and behavioral problems. MRI imaging may show a corpus callosum hypoplasia or ventricular enlargement. Other variable features, such as joint hyperlaxity, skin pigmentary abnormalities, and visual impairment, have also been reported.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-limb spasticity-retinal dystrophy-diabetes insipidus syndrome is a rare genetic neurometabolic disease characterized by severe intellectual disability, spastic quadriparesis, Leber congenital amaurosis and diabetes insipidus. Additional manifestations include facial dysmorphy (dolichocephalic skull, hypertelorism, deep-set eyes, hypoplastic nares, low-set ears), short stature, truncal hypotonia and axial hypertonia. Brain anomalies (e.g. thin corpus callosum with lack of isthmus and tapered splenium, hypoplasia or atrophy of the optic chiasm, prominent lateral ventricles, diminished white matter), described on magnetic resonance imaging, have been reported. High prenatal alpha-fetoprotein and intrauterine growth restriction is observed in routine pregnancy examination.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, macroorchidism, prominent eyebrows and jaws and abnormal ears. Males are predominantly affected, some females show lower cognitive abilities.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked intellectual disability-short stature-overweight syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by borderline to severe intellectual disability, speech delay, short stature, elevated body mass index, a pattern of truncal obesity (reported in older males), and variable neurologic features (e.g. hypotonia, tremors, gait disturbances, behavioural problems, and seizure disorders). Less common manifestations include microcephaly, microorchidism and/or microphallus. Dysmorphic features have been reported in some patients but no consistent pattern has been noted.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic disease characterized by congenital contractures of the distal interphalangeal joints, progressive stiffness of the shoulders and neck, keloid scarring, increased optic cup-to-disc ratio, and renal stones. Additional reported features include arthritis, osteoporosis, hypoplastic flexion creases, clinodactyly, anxiety, and facial dysmorphism (such as sloping forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, prominent ears, and high arched palate). Female carriers exhibit a variable, milder phenotype.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked lethal multiple pterygium syndrome is a rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by the typical lethal multiple pterygium syndrome presentation (comprising of multiple pterygia, severe arthrogryposis, cleft palate, cystic hygromata and/or fetal hydrops, skeletal abnormalities and fetal death in the 2nd or 3rd trimester) with an X-linked pattern of inheritance.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by lissencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum and other cerebral structural anomalies, early-onset intractable seizures, and ambiguous genitalia. Consequences of hypothalamic dysfunction, such as disturbed temperature regulation, may be observed. Additional anomalies including dysmorphic craniofacial features have been reported. The disease is fatal in infancy or childhood in males, while female carriers may be unaffected or show a milder phenotype with developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and seizures.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterised by an abnormal immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, caused by hemizygous mutations in the X-linked SH2D1A gene, resulting in B cell lymphoproliferation and manifesting with various phenotypes which include EBV-driven severe or fulminant mononucleosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (presenting with fulminant hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, bone marrow hypoplasia, and neurological involvement), hypogammaglobulinaemia, and B-cell lymphoma. Additional variable manifestations include vasculitis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, aplastic anaemia, and chronic gastritis. Occasionally, T-cell lymphoma may be observed. Laboratory findings include normal or increased activated T cells and reduced memory B cells.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, caused by hemizygous mutations in the X-linked XIAP gene, resulting in B cell lymphoproliferation and manifesting with various phenotypes which include EBV-driven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent splenomegaly, hepatitis, colitis, and intestinal bowel disease with features of Crohn's disease. Additional manifestations include variable auto-inflammatory symptoms such as uveitis, arthritis, skin abscesses, erythema nodosum, and nephritis. Neurological involvement is rare, and lymphoma is never observed. Laboratory findings include normal or increased activated T cells, low or normal iNKT cells, and normal or reduced memory B cells.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked mandibulofacial dysostosis is an extremely rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome that is characterised by microcephaly, malar hypoplasia with downslanting palpebral fissures, highly arched palate, apparently low-set and protruding ears, micrognathia, short stature, bilateral hearing loss, and learning disability. Occasionally, additional features have been observed such as bilateral cryptorchidism, cardiac valvular lesions, body asymmetry, and pectus excavatum.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked (XR) Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases describes a rare group of immunodeficiencies due to specific mutations in the inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma (IKBKG) or the cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide (CYBB) genes. They are characterized by mycobacterial infections, occurring in males.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked microcephaly-growth retardation-prognathism-cryptorchidism syndrome is a rare syndromic intellectual disability characterized by hypotonia, microcephaly, severe developmental delay, seizures, intellectual disability, growth retardation, cardiac septal defects, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and dysmorphic features - prominent ears, prognathism, thin upper lip, dental crowding.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy is a childhood-onset X-linked myopathy characterized by slow progression of muscle weakness and unique histopathological findings.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare progressive muscular dystrophy characterized by an adult-onset scapulo-axio-peroneal myopathy. Clinical presentation includes shoulder girdle atrophy, scapular winging, axial muscular atrophy of postural muscles combined with a generalized hypertrophy. Typically, neck rigidity, rigid spine, Achilles tendon shortening, and respiratory insufficiency later in disease course are present.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked myotubular myopathy-abnormal genitalia syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly, partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome X, characterized by a combination of clinical manifestations of X-linked myotubular myopathy and a 46,XY disorder of sex development. Patients present with severe form of congenital myopathy and abnormal male genitalia.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital ataxia and generalized hypotonia, global developmental delay with intellectual disability, myoclonic encephalopathy, progressive neurological deterioration, macular degeneration, and recurrent bronchopulmonary infections.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by a few months of normal development, followed by progressive neurodegenerative course with gradual loss of vision, development of spastic tetraplegia, convulsions, microcephaly, failure to thrive, and early death.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia is a rare hereditary ataxia characterized by delayed early motor development, severe neonatal hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and slow eye movements, presenting normal cognitive abilities and absence of pyramidal signs. Frequently patients also manifest intention tremor, mild dysphagia, and dysarthria. Brain MRI reveals global cerebellar atrophy with absence of other malformations or degenerations of the central and peripheral nervous systems.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia with decreased bone density disorder characterized by childhood-onset osteoporosis associated with recurrent, multiple, osteoporotic, long bone fractures and/or vertebral compression fractures, significant height loss in adulthood, low bone mineral density scores, and otherwise no other abnormalities. Heterozygote females may be unaffected or have a milder phenotype.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by parkinsonian features (including resting or action tremor, cogwheel rigidity, hypomimia and bradykinesia) associated with variably penetrant spasticity, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and Babinski sign.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked cerebellar ataxia, characterized by a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs, with an age of onset in the first or second decade, slow progression, and normal intelligence. Typical features of cerebellar dysfunction include gait and limb ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, nystagmus, and hyperreflexia. Further phenotypic features are pes cavus, scoliosis, muscle atrophy, and peripheral sensory and motor nerve abnormalities.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder is an extremely rare skin disease described in only four families to date and characterized in males by diffuse reticulate brown hyperpigmented skin lesions developing in early childhood and a variety of systemic manifestations (recurrent pneumonia, corneal opacification, gastrointestinal inflammation, urethral stricture, failure to thrive, hypohidrosis, digital clubbing, and unruly hair and flared eyebrows), while in females, there is only cutaneous involvement with the development in early childhood of localized brown hyperpigmented skin lesions following the lines of Blaschko. This disease was first considered as a cutaneous amyloidosis, but amyloid deposits are an inconstant feature.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare genetic eye disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of retinal tissue resulting in the formation of retinal folds, thereby causing gliosis and, clinically, variable degrees of visual impairment. No clinical findings other than those associated with the eyes have been demonstrated.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, muscular dystrophy disease characterized by the co-occurrence of late onset scapular and peroneal muscle weakness, principally manifesting with distal lower limb and proximal upper limb weakness and scapular winging.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked severe congenital neutropenia is an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent major bacterial infections, severe congenital neutropenia, and monocytopenia. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene, encoding the WASP protein.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare syndromic, inherited form of sideroblastic anemia characterized by mild to moderate anemia (with hypochromia and microcytosis) and early-onset, non- or slowly progressive spinocerebellar ataxia.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A complex, hereditary, spastic paraplegia characterized by delayed motor development, spasticity, and inability to walk, later progressing to quadriplegia, motor aphasia, bowel and bladder dysfunction. Patients also present with vision problems and mild intellectual disability. The disease affects only males.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, X-linked leukodystrophy characterized primarily by spastic gait and autonomic dysfunction. When additional central nervous system (CNS) signs, such as intellectual deficit, ataxia, or extrapyramidal signs, are present, the syndrome is referred to as complicated SPG.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked spastic paraplegia type 34 is a pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by late childhood- to early adulthood-onset of slowly progressive spastic paraplegia with spastic gait and lower limb hyperreflexia, brisk tendon reflexes and ankle clonus. Lower limb pain and reduced lower limb vibratory sense is also reported in some older adult patients.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare ARX-related epileptic encephalopathy characterized by infantile onset of myoclonic epilepsy with generalized spasticity, severe global developmental delay, and moderate to profound intellectual disability. Obligate female carriers show subtle, generalized hyperreflexia. Late onset progressive spastic ataxia has also been reported.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
X-linked spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a form of spinocerebellar degeneration characterized by onset in infancy of hypotonia, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, esotropia, and optic atrophy, and by a progressive course leading to death in childhood. It has been described in one family with at least six affected males from five different sibships (connected through carrier females). It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare X-linked spinocerebellar ataxia characterized by ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and adult-onset dementia. The disease manifests during early childhood with delayed walking and tremor. The pyramidal signs appear progressively and by adulthood memory problems and dementia gradually become apparent.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature with mesomelic short limbs, leg bowing, lumbar lordosis, brachydactyly, joint laxity and a waddling gait. Radiographs show platyspondyly with central protrusion of anterior vertebral bodies, kyphotic angulation and very short long bones with dysplastic epiphyses and flared, irregular, cupped metaphyses.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare syndromic type of cerebral malformation characterized by aprosencephaly (absence of telencephalon and diencephalon), oculo-facial anomalies (i.e. ocular hypotelorism or cyclopia, malformation/absence of nasal structures, cleft lip), preaxial limb defects (i.e. hypoplastic hands, absent halluces) and various other anomalies including ambiguous genitalia, imperforate anus, and vertebral anomalies. The syndrome is thought to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare syndrome with 46,XY disorder of sex development characterized by mild developmental delay and streak gonads associated with short stature, cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities (the latter including scalp defects and unusual hair whorls), and dysmorphic facial features (such as preauricular pits, short columella, and small nares). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1980.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
Xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne syndrome complex (XP/CS complex) is characterized by the cutaneous features of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) together with the systemic and neurological features of Cockayne syndrome.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare chromosomal anomaly with characteristics of complex glycerol kinase deficiency, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, intellectual disability and/or Duchenne muscular dystrophy that usually affect males. The clinical features depend on the deletion size and the number and type of involved genes.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, learning and behavioral problems, short stature, thin and sparse hair, mild dysmorphic features, tapering fingers and later onset of scoliosis, obesity and cardiovascular problems (cardiomegaly and cardiomyopathy). Females have normal intelligence.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
Xq12-q13.3 duplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome X, characterized by global developmental delay, autistic behavior, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism (including down-slanting palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, long philtrum, down-slanting corners of the mouth). Seizures have also been reported in some patients.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, X-linked, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic malformation-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by developmental delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability, speech disturbance, behavioral problems (such as anxiety, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness) and mild facial dysmorphism (including facial hypotonia, thin arched eyebrows, ectropion, epicanthus, malar flatness, thick vermillion of the lips and prognathia). Additional variable manifestations include short stature, skeletal and genital anomalies, seizures, and autism spectrum disorders. Brain imaging may reveal cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, thin corpus callosum, and enlarged subarachnoid spaces.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by moderate intellectual disability, short stature, mild skeletal changes and distinctive facial features with coarse face, synophrys and deep nasolabial ridges. Skeletal features include broad ribs, stocky long bones, short femoral necks with coxa valga, clinodactyly and broad thumbs.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
Young adult-onset distal hereditary motor neuropathy is a rare autosomal recessive distal hereditary motor neuropathy characterized by slowly progressive muscular weakness, hypotonia and atrophy of the lower limbs, more pronounced distally, leading to paralysis, and loss of tendon reflexes. Additional features may include pes cavus and mild dysphonia. The upper limbs are relatively spared.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, parkinsonian disorder characterized by an age of onset between 21-45 years, rigidity, painful cramps followed by tremor, bradykinesia, dystonia, gait complaints and falls, and other non-motor symptoms. A slow disease progression and a more pronounced response to dopaminergic therapy are also observed in most forms of this disease.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by occipital atretic cephalocele associated with a specific facial dysmorphism (consisting of prominent forehead, narrow palpebral fissures, midface deficiency, narrow, malformed ears, broad nose and nasal root, grooved nasal tip and columella, laterally angulated, hypoplastic nares, short philtrum, thin upper lip, clift lip/palate, severe oligodontia, prominent chin) and large feet with sandal gap. Intellectual disability, developmental delay and hypoplastic finger and toenails have also been reported.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism similar to that seen in Zellweger syndrome, such as frontal bossing, high forehead, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, and epicanthal folds, and in addition, pale skin, profound hypotonia, developmental delay, and minor metabolic anomalies. No peroxisomal defects, however, have been reported. Transmission is thought to be autosomal recessive.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
De Barsy syndrome (DBS) is characterized by facial dysmorphism (down-slanting palpebral fissures, a broad flat nasal bridge and a small mouth) with a progeroid appearance, large and late-closing fontanel, cutis laxa (CL), joint hyperlaxity, athetoid movements and hyperreflexia, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual deficit and developmental delay, and corneal clouding and cataract.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
A rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature with short limbs, small hands and feet, and midface hypoplasia with small nose. Mild spondylar dysplasia, delayed epiphyseal ossification of the hip and knee, and severe brachydactyly with cone shaped phalangeal epiphyses are characteristic features. In adulthood, premature spondylosis and degenerative joint disease develop in some patients. Frequent respiratory infections with prolonged cough and inspiratory stridor, consistent with laryngomalacia, can also be present. Intelligence, dentition, hearing and visual acuity are not affected.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet
NDE1-related microhydranencephaly is a rare, hereditary syndrome with a central nervous system malformation as major feature characterized by extreme microcephaly and growth restriction, severe motor delay and mental retardation, and typical radiological findings of gross dilation of the ventricles resulting from the absence (or severe delay in the development) of cerebral hemispheres, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Associated features are thin bones and scalp rugae.	en	Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT.	Inserm Orphanet

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Reference Sets

Reference set descriptor

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
5276957018	Component annotation with string value reference set (foundation metadata concept)	en	Fully specified name	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)
5276958011	Component annotation with string value reference set	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)