| Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
| Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type is a rare, genetic dysostosis disorder characterized by craniofacial bone abnormalities (i.e. midface hypoplasia, broad, flat nasal bridge, narrow, thin prognathic mandible with pointed chin, malocclusion, partial dental agenesis) associated with additional osseous anomalies, including scoliosis, calvarial thinning, pointed spinous processes, clinodactyly and abnormal phalanges. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperuricemia and hypertension have also been reported. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Tetramelic monodactyly is a rare, genetic, congenital limb malformation disorder characterised by the presence of a single digit on all four extremities. Malformation is typically isolated however, aplastic and hypoplastic defects in the remaining skeletal parts of hands and feet have been reported. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Osteodysplastic dysplasia, type II (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Defects of tubular bones and spine (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Ectodermal dysplasia, trichoodontoonychial type is a form of ectodermal dysplasia with hair, teeth and nail involvement characterized predominantly by hypodontia, hypotrichosis, delayed hair growth and brittle nails. Additionally, focal dermal hypoplasia, irregular hyperpigmentation, hypoplastic or absent nipples, amastia, hearing impairment, congenital hip dislocation and asthma have been associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare subtype of kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia, congenital or early-onset kyphoscoliosis (progressive or non-progressive), and generalized joint hypermobility with dislocations/subluxations (in particular of the shoulders, hips, and knees). Additional common features are skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising of the skin, rupture/aneurysm of a medium-sized artery, osteopenia/osteoporosis, blue sclerae, umbilical or inguinal hernia, chest deformity, marfanoid habitus, talipes equinovarus, and refractive errors. Subtype-specific manifestations include congenital hearing impairment (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed), follicular hyperkeratosis, muscle atrophy, and bladder diverticula. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare subtype of kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia, congenital or early-onset kyphoscoliosis (progressive or non-progressive), and generalized joint hypermobility with dislocations/subluxations (in particular of the shoulders, hips, and knees). Additional common features are skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising of the skin, rupture/aneurysm of a medium-sized artery, osteopenia/osteoporosis, blue sclerae, umbilical or inguinal hernia, chest deformity, marfanoid habitus, talipes equinovarus, and refractive errors. Subtype-specific manifestations include congenital hearing impairment (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed), follicular hyperkeratosis, muscle atrophy, and bladder diverticula. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Cortical dysplasia with hemimegalencephaly |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A severe form of otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorder, and is characterized by dysmorphic facies, severe skeletal dysplasia affecting the axial and appendicular skeleton, extraskeletal anomalies (including malformations of the brain, heart, genitourinary system, and intestine) and poor survival. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia due to collagen 9 anomaly is a rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by normal or mild short stature, early-onset pain and/or stiffness of the joints (mainly affecting knees but also elbows, wrists, ankles and fingers, with relative sparing of the hips) and early degenerative joint disease. Other skeletal anomalies (including varus or valgus deformities, osteochondritis dissecans, abnormal carpal shape, free articular bodies) and mild myopathy have also been reported. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Deafness-genital anomalies-metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis syndrome is characterized by sensorineural deafness, bilateral synostosis of the 4th and 5th metacarpals and metatarsals, genital anomalies (hypospadias in males), psychomotor delay and abnormal dermatoglyphics. So far, it has been described in two unrelated patients. Facial dysmorphism was noted in both patients (prominent forehead, ear anomalies, facial asymmetry and an open mouth appearance). |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Deafness-genital anomalies-metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis syndrome is characterized by sensorineural deafness, bilateral synostosis of the 4th and 5th metacarpals and metatarsals, genital anomalies (hypospadias in males), psychomotor delay and abnormal dermatoglyphics. So far, it has been described in two unrelated patients. Facial dysmorphism was noted in both patients (prominent forehead, ear anomalies, facial asymmetry and an open mouth appearance). |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Osteoplastic dysplasia (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, severely delayed ossification (mainly of the epiphyses, pubic symphysis, hands and feet), abnormal modeling of the bones in hands and feet, abnormal pelvis cartilage persistence, and mild growth retardation. Calcium, phosphate and vitamin D serum levels are typically within normal range, while parathyroid hormone serum levels are normal to slightly elevated. Oligodontia has been rarely associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| This syndrome is characterized by severe immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, lymphedema and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Laurin-Sandrow syndrome (LSS) is characterized by complete polysyndactyly of the hands, mirror feet and nose anomalies (hypoplasia of the nasal alae and short columella), often associated with ulnar and/or fibular duplication (and sometimes tibial agenesis). It has been described in less than 20 cases. Some cases with the same clinical signs but without nasal defects have also been reported and may represent the same entity. The etiology of LSS is unknown. Different modes of inheritance have been suggested. |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| dysplasie spondylo-métaphysaire de type Czarny-Ratajczak |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata (BCDP) is a form of non-rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, a primary bone dysplasia, characterized by hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fingers, nasal hypoplasia, epiphyseal stippling appearing in the first year of life, as well as mild and non-rhizomelic shortness of the long bones. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by sclerosing dysplasia affecting the diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the long bones, as well as the skull and metacarpals, in association with skin changes like those seen in ichthyosis vulgaris and premature ovarian failure with bilateral hypoplasia of the ovaries. Patients present in adulthood, primarily with swelling of the extremities and occasional mild pain in the legs. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Richieri Costa-da Silva syndrome is a rare, genetic, myotonic syndrome characterized by childhood onset of progressive and severe myotonia (with generalized muscular hypertrophy and progressive impairment of gait), short stature, skeletal abnormalities (including pectus carinatum, short, wedge-shaped thoracolumbar vertebrae, kyphoscoliosis, genu valgum, irregular femoral epiphyses), and mild to moderate intellectual deficiency. No facial dysmorphism nor joint limitation is associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| An extremely rare, lethal, primary bone dysplasia characterized by thin ribs, thin long bones, high-arched palate and facial features of frontal bossing and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears. Bilateral cryptorchidism may be also observed. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Pelvic dysplasia-arthrogryposis of lower limbs syndrome is a rare, genetic, dysostosis syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, short stature (with short lower segment), lower limb joint contractures and muscular hypotrophy, narrow, small pelvis, lumbar hyperlordosis with scoliosis, and foot deformity (short, overlapping toes). Imaging reveals ovoid/wedge-shaped vertebral bodies, pelvic and skeletal hypoplasia with metatarsal fusion in the lower limbs, and normal skull and upper limbs. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| hyperostose corticale dysplasique |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, dentin dysplasia disease characterized by extreme microdontia, oligodontia, and abnormal tooth shape (including globular teeth, incisal notches and double tooth formation). Short roots with a variable pulp phenotype (including taurodontia and flame-shaped pulp), enamel hypoplasia and anterior open bite may also be associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Radial deficiency-tibial hypoplasia syndrome is a rare, genetic dysostosis syndrome with combined reduction defects of upper and lower limbs characterized by bilateral radial aplasia, absent thumbs and bilateral tibial hypo/aplasia. Additional bone anomalies (including partial toe hypo/aplasia, short fibula and clubhand) may be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism (midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, small nose with upturned tip, cleft palate, Pierre Robin sequence), bilateral, pronounced sensorineural hearing loss, and skeletal/joint anomalies (including spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, arthralgia/arthropathy), in the absence of ocular abnormalities. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| McCune Albright syndrome (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by Perthes-like pelvic anomalies (premature closure of the capital femoral epiphyses and widened femoral necks with flattened femoral heads), arthralgias of hips and knees, and occurrence of enchondromata and ecchondromata. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1971. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| An association reported in a single kindred characterized by the variable presence of the following features: anetodermia (macular atrophy of the skin), multiple exostoses, and brachydactyly type E. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Brachyolmia - Maroteaux type (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Brachyrachia (short spine dysplasia) |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A relatively severe form of brachyolmia, a group of rare genetic skeletal disorders, characterised by short-trunked short stature, platyspondyly and kyphoscoliosis. Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthropathy) in the spine, large joints and interphalangeal joints becomes manifest in adulthood. |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Brachyolmia |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Genochondromatosis type 2 is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by normal clavicles and symmetrical, generalized metaphyseal enchondromas, particularly in the distal femur, proximal humerus, and bones of the wrists, hands, and feet. Lesions regress later in life with growth cartilage obliteration. Clinical examination is normal and the course of the disease is benign. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Dysspondyloenchondromatosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by anisospondyly and multiple enchondromas in vertebrae and the metaphyseal and diaphyseal parts of long tubular bones, leading to kyphoscoliosis and lower limb asymmetry. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| cheiro-spondylo-enchondromatose |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Metaphyseal chondromatosis with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by the unique association of enchondromatosis with D-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Clinical features include enchondromatosis (with short stature, severe metaphyseal dysplasia and mild vertebral involvement), elevated levels of urinary 2-hydroxyglutaric acid and mild developmental delay. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and short stature in association with craniofacial dysmorphism (such as large forehead, triangular face, low-set ears, and micro-retrognathism) and osteochondrodysplastic lesions. Radiographic findings include epiphyseal maturation delay, abnormal metaphyses, a narrow thorax, small pelvis, and short and broad metacarpal bones and phalanges. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by the association of amelogenesis imperfecta and trichodysplasia with symmetrical pits in the cuticles of hair shafts. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| An exceedingly rare form of brachyolmia, characterized by mild platyspondyly, broad ilia, elongated femoral necks with coxa valga, scoliosis, and short trunked short stature associated with amelogenesis imperfecta of both primary and permanent dentition. |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Incomplete formation of bony cochlea |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by megalocornea, multiple skeletal anomalies, characteristic facial dysmorphism (wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, full cheeks and micrognathia) and developmental delay. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Mondini defect |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare syndrome characterized by mesomelic shortening and bowing of the limbs, camptodactyly, skin dimpling and cleft palate with retrognathia and mandibular hypoplasia. It has been described in a brother and sister born to consanguineous parents. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Cystic testicular dysplasia (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia with increased bone density disorder characterized by bone abnormalities, including metaphyseal plaques, osteopathia striata, marked cranial sclerosis, and sclerosis of the ribs and long bones, as well as macrocephaly, cleft palate, hearing loss, developmental delay, and facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, prominent forehead, wide nasal bridge). Hypotonia, tracheo-/laryngomalacia, and astigmatic myopia are also associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic renal tubular disease characterized by phosphate loss in the proximal tubule, leading to hypercalciuria and recurrent urolithiasis and/or osteoporosis. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A heterogeneous group of disorders associated with walking and growth disturbances that become evident during the second year of life. Characteristics are platyspondyly (flattened vertebrae) and marked hip and knee metaphyseal lesions. The different forms of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia are distinguished by the localization and severity of involvement of the affected metaphyses. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in which one or both kidneys (unilateral or bilateral MCDK respectively) are large, distended by multiple cysts, and non-functional. Unilateral MCDK is typically asymptomatic if the other kidney is fully functional but may occasionally present with abdominal obstructive signs when the cysts become too large. Bilateral MCDK is considered a lethal entity and neonates present with features of the Potter sequence, severe pulmonary hypoplasia and severe renal failure, and generally die shortly after birth. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| A primary bone dysplasia disorder that encompasses a group of congenital anomalies that are characterised by skeletal dysplasia of varying clinical severity and an X linked dominant pattern of inheritance. This group includes otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 and 2 (OPD1, OPD2) which are characterised in affected males by cleft palate, conductive hearing loss, craniofacial abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia; Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS) which displays skeletal deformities in females and embryonic or perinatal lethality in most males; frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD); and terminal osseous dysplasia - pigmentary defects. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Christianson-Fourie type is a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by tricho- and onychodysplasia in association with cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Patients present with sparse scalp hair and eyelashes, absent or sparse eyebrows, dystrophic thickened nails (on fingers distal end may be lifted from the nail bed) and supraventricular tachycardia or sinus bradycardia. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Tricho-oculodermovertebral syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Curly hair, ankyloblepharon, nail dysplasia syndrome (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Trichodermodysplasia-dental alterations syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by sparse, thin, brittle scalp hair, as well as sparse eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary and pubic hair, delayed eruption of deciduous teeth and hypodontia of both dentitions. Mild palmoplantar keratosis, café-au-lait spots on back, mild dystrophy of nails, and tibial deflection of toes are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by congenital onychodystrophy (particularly of the distal nail) and severe hypotrichosis with alopecia involving the eyebrows, eyelashes and body hair. Scalp, beard, pubic and axillary hair is brittle and shows a twisting pattern on electron microscopy. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by sparse to absent scalp hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes (with pili torti when present), widely spaced, conical-shaped teeth with peg-shaped, conical crowns and enamel hypoplasia and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, associated with partial cutaneous syndactyly in hands and feet. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare frontonasal dysplasia malformation syndrome characterised by an oxycephalic skull with craniosynostosis, wide nose with anteverted nostrils, hirsutism at base of nose, agenesis of the nasolacrimal ducts, and bilateral, symmetrical nasolabial cysts on upper lip. Additional features may include hypertelorism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Congenital pulmonary alveolar capillary dysplasia (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| luxation développementale d'une articulation de la région de l'épaule |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Bilateral multicystic renal dysplasia (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare, genetic, syndromic hair shaft abnormality disorder characterised by short, dry, sulphur-deficient, brittle hair usually associated with highly variable neuroectodermal manifestations, such as ichthyosis, photosensitivity, and intellectual disability. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare systemic disease characterized by congenital multiple contractures, characteristic craniofacial features (like large fontanel, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, blue sclerae, ear deformities, high palate) evident at birth or in early infancy, and characteristic cutaneous features like skin hyperextensibility, skin fragility with atrophic scars, easy bruising, and increased palmar wrinkling. Additional features include recurrent/chronic dislocations, chest and spinal deformities, peculiarly shaped fingers, colonic diverticula, pneumothorax, and urogenital and ophthalmological abnormalities, among others. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe arthrogryposis, multiple ectodermal dysplasia features, cleft lip/palate, facial dysmorphism, growth deficiency and a moderate delay of psychomotor development. Ectodermal dysplasia manifestations include sparse, brittle and hypopigmented hair, xerosis, multiple nevi, small conical shaped teeth and hypodontia, and facial dysmorphism with blepharophimosis, deep-set eyes and micrognathia. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by the association of osteopathia striata (longitudinal striations through most of the long bones) with a macular, hyperpigmented dermopathy and a white forelock. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Geroderma osteodysplastica |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare syndromic primary bone dysplasia characterized by short ribs with a narrow chest and thoracic dysplasia, mild rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, communicating hydrocephalus, and developmental delay. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Severe achondrolasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Stickler syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Brachyolmia, recessive type is a form of brachyolmia, a group of rare genetic skeletal disorders, characterized by short-trunked short stature with platyspondyly and scoliosis. Corneal opacities and precocious calcification of the costal cartilage are rare syndromic components. Premature pubarche may occur. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by a bell-shaped thorax, disproportionate short stature, pelvic hypoplasia, dislocatable radial heads and elongated distal fibulae. No acetabular spurs nor phalangeal cone-shaped epiphyses are present, and osseous manifestations tend to normalize with age. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Cherubism with gingival fibromatosis (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Bilateral secondary renal dysplasia (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Schwere früh-beginnende Adipositas mit Insulin-Resistenz-Syndrom durch SH2B1-Mangel |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Spondyloocular syndrome (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by mild intellectual disability, osteoporosis, delayed bone age, macrocephaly with wormian bones and frontal bossing, anomalies of fingers, nails, and teeth, thoracic deformities, hyperextensibility of joints, as well as congenital amaurosis and paraplegia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, congenital limb malformation syndrome characterised by a unique combination of bilateral, symmetrical camptodactyly and clinodactyly of 5th fingers, mesoaxial camptodactyly of toes, and ulnar deviation of 3rd fingers. Additional variable manifestations include bifid toes and severe syndactyly, or synpolydactyly, involving all digits of hands and feet. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, non-syndromic cerebral malformation due to abnormal neuronal migration disease characterized by the association of cortical dysplasia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, manifesting with global developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, axial hypotonia, strabismus, nystagmus and, occasionally, optic nerve hypoplasia. Brain imaging reveals variable malformations, including frontally predominant microgyria, gyral disorganization and simplification, dysmorphic and hypertrophic basal ganglia, cerebellar vermis dysplasia, brainstem/corpus callosum hypoplasia, and/or olfactory bulbs agenesis. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Lethal occipital encephalocele-skeletal dysplasia syndrome is a rare, genetic, bone development disorder characterized by occipital and parietal bone hypoplasia leading to occipital encephalocele, calvarial mineralization defects, craniosynostosis, radiohumeral fusions, oligodactyly and other skeletal anomalies (arachnodactyly, terminal phalangeal aplasia of the thumbs, bilateral absence of the great toes, pronounced bilateral angulation of femora, shortened limbs, advanced osseous maturation). Fetal death in utero is associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Reunion Island Larsen-like syndrome |
Associated morphology |
False |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Pilodental dysplasia-refractive errors syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by dysplastic abnormalities of the hair and teeth (including hypodontia, abnormally shaped teeth, scalp hypotrichosis and pili annulati), follicular hyperkeratosis on the trunk and limbs, and hyperopia. Intensified delineation, reticular hyperpigmentation of the nape and astigmatism have also been reported. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Odonto-onycho dysplasia-alopecia syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by almost total alopecia with only sparse, thin, brittle, slow-growing scalp hair, fair and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, absent axillary and pubic hair, fragile and brittle fingernails, thick and brittle toenails (both with a subungual corneal layer), hypodontia, microdontia, widely spaced teeth with hypoplastic enamel, mild palmoplantar keratosis, café-au-lait spots and areolae anomalies. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare, genetic, dermis elastic tissue disease characterized by redundant, overfolded skin of variable severity, ranging from wrinkly skin to cutis laxa associated with pre- and post-natal growth retardation, hypotonia, mild to moderate developmental delay, late closure of anterior fontanelle, and craniofacial dysmorphism (including microcephaly, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, large, prominent nasal root with funnel nose, small, low-set ears, long philtrum, drooping facial skin). Additional manifestations may include seizures, intellectual disability, congenital hip dislocation, inguinal hernia, and cortical and cerebellar malformations. Pretibial pseudo-ecchymotic skin lesions have occasionally been associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Developmental dislocation of ankle and/or foot (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare and crippling chondrodysplasia, reported mainly in the Maputaland region in northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, characterized by a bilateral and uniform arthropathy of the joints that primarily and most severely affects the hip but that can also affect many other joints (i.e. knees, ankles, wrists, shoulders, elbows), and that manifests with pain and stiffness that progressively limits joint movement, eventually compromising a patient's ability to walk. Severe short stature and brachydactyly have been reported in a few patients with MJD. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Maffucci syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive syndrome characterised by the triad of amelogenesis imperfect, infantile onset epilepsy, intellectual disability with or without regression and dementia. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Menkes kinky-hair syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by camptodactyly, joint contractures with amyotrophy, and ectodermal anomalies (oligodontia, enamel abnormalities, longitudinally broken nails, hypohidrotic skin with tendency to excessive bruising and scarring after injuries and scratching), as well as growth retardation, kyphoscoliosis, mild facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Orofaciodigital syndrome type 11 is an extremely rare, sporadic form of Orofaciodigital syndrome with only a few reported cases, and characterized by facial (blepharophimosis, bulbous nasal tip, broad nasal bridge, downslanting palpebral fissures and low set ears) and skeletal (post-axial polydactyly and fusion of vertebrae) malformations along with severe intellectual disability, deafness and congenital heart defects. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Osteopetrosis-hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome is an extremely rare primary bone dysplasia with increased bone density disorder characterized by severe osteoclast-poor osteopetrosis associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patients typically present infantile malignant osteopetrosis (manifesting with increased bone density, bone fractures, abnormal eye movements/visual loss, nystagmus), hematologic abnormalities with bone marrow failure (e.g. anemia, hepatosplenomegaly) and immunological deficiency (manifesting as recurrent respiratory infections) associated with reduced immunoglobulin levels due to impaired peripheral B cell differentiation. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare dysostosis syndrome characterized by vertical, median craniofacial clefting of fronto-naso-maxillary structures associated with auriculo-mandibular malformations, manifesting with highly variable craniofacial features which include hypertelorism, eyelid colobomas, orbital dystopia, epibulbar dermoids, nasal anomalies (e.g. wide nasal bridge, bifid nose, widely separated, slit-like nares, nasal bone dysplasia), auricular and middle ear dysplasia (microtia, aural stenosis, pre-auricular skin tags/pits), cleft lip/palate, mandibular/maxillary hypoplasia and facial asymmetry. Intracranial abnormalities and extra-craniofacial features are frequently associated. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by short stature, hyperlordosis, protuberant abdomen, mild bilateral genu varum, bowed and shortened forearms with limited elbow extension, and discrete facial dysmorphism (prominent forehead, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge). Radiographically, moderate platyspondyly, including posterior wedging with anterior bullet-shaped vertebral bodies, with minimal metaphyseal abnormalities are observed. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, genetic, congenital limb malformation syndrome characterized by complete cutaneous syndactyly between toes 1-2, ulnar polydactyly (ranging from nubbins to an almost complete additional finger) and earlobe malformations. Additionally, abnormalities along the medial border of the foot are observed on X-ray imaging. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1976. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare syndromic craniosynostosis characterized by prenatal presentation with cloverleaf skull, micromelia and asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia. Radiologic features include short ribs, horizontal roof of the acetabulum with a rounded median prominence and lateral spurs, deformed long bones with broad metaphyses, and absent ossification of the terminal phalanges. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| A rare, hereditary connective tissue disease characterized by severe ocular manifestations due to extreme corneal thinning and fragility with rupture in the absence of significant trauma, often leading to irreversible blindness. Extraocular manifestations comprise deafness, developmental hip dysplasia, and joint hypermobility. |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Fibroadenosis of right breast (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Fibroadenosis of left breast (disorder) |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Occipital dysplasia |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Schwartz-Jampel syndrome |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Dentate dysplasia |
Associated morphology |
True |
Dysplasia |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
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