| Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
| Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder is a rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth retardation, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism (i.e. severe microcephaly, sloping forehead, prominent eyes, broad nasal ridge, hypoplastic nasal septum, epicanthal folds), spontaneous chromosomal instability, cellular hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and radioresistant DNA synthesis, without severe infections, immunodeficiency or cancer predisposition. Additional reported features include mild spasticity, slight and nonprogressive ataxia, hyperopia, multiple pigmented nevi, widely spaced nipples, and clinodactyly. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Short stature due to GHSR deficiency is a rare, genetic, endocrine growth disease, resulting from growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) deficiency, characterized by postnatal growth delay that results in short stature (less than -2 SD). The pituitary gland is typically without morphological changes, although anterior pituitary gland hypoplasia has been reported. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Severe lateral tibial bowing with short stature is a rare, genetic, primary bent bone dysplasia characterized by significant, uni-/bilateral, lateral tibial bowing localized to the distal two-thirds of the tibia, with respective cortical thickening and thinning of the inner and outer tibial curve, loss of normal trabecular bone, bilateral abnormalities of the tibial epiphyses and growth plates, as well as foot abnormalities, including abnormally high arches. Affected individuals have short stature with absence of other skeletal abnormalities. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations is a rare genetic primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by midface hypoplasia, short stature, generalized joint laxity, multiple joint dislocations (most frequently of knees and hips), limb malalignment (genu valgum/varum) and progressive spinal deformity (e.g. kyphosis/scoliosis). Radiography reveals distinctive slender metacarpals and metatarsals, as well as small, irregular epiphyses, metaphyseal irregularities with vertical striations, constricted femoral necks and mild platyspondyly, among others. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-short limb-abnormal calcification syndrome is a rare, genetic primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature with shortening of upper and lower limbs, short and broad fingers with short hands, narrowed chest with rib abnormalities and pectus excavatum, abnormal chondral calcifications (including larynx, trachea and costal cartilages) and facial dysmorphism (frontal bossing, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, short flat nose, wide nostrils, high-arched palate, long philtrum). Platyspondyly (especially of cervical spine) and abnormal epiphyses and metaphyses are observed on radiography. Atlantoaxial instability causing spinal compression and recurrent respiratory disease are potential complications that may result lethal. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Cono-spondylar dysplasia is a rare genetic primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by early-onset severe lumbar kyphosis, marked brachydactyly and irregular, pronounced cone epiphyses of the metacarpals and phalanges. Additional reported features include developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, epileptic seizures and mild facial dysmorphism (including long and thin or square-shaped face, slight mid-face hypoplasia, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, low-set ears, anteverted nostrils). Radiographic findings also reveal hypoplasia of iliac wings and anterior defect of vertebral bodies. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by tall stature due to postnatal overgrowth, mild to moderate intellectual disability, joint hypermobility and subtle distinctive facial features, which often become apparent during adolescence (such as round face, low-set, thick horizontal eyebrows, narrow palpebral fissures and prominent upper-central incisors). Overweight, hypotonia, behavioral and psychiatric problems are common. Other clinical features may involve seizures, cryptorchidism and cardiovascular diseases (including congenital heart disease and aortic root dilatation). |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, Lowry type is a rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by small, flat epiphyses (especially the capital femoral epiphyses), rhizomelic shortening of limbs, cleft of secondary palate, micrognathia, mild joint contractures and facial dysmorphism (including mildly upward-slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, broad nasal tip). Additionally reported features include scoliosis, genu valgum, mild pectus excavatum, platyspondyly, dislocated radial heads, brachydactyly, hypoplastic fibulae and talipes equinovarus. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by facial dysmorphism with malar hypoplasia and high forehead, immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections, impaired growth (with normal growth hormone production and response) resulting in short stature, and livedo affecting face and extremities. Immunological analyses show low memory B-cell and naïve T cell counts, decreased T cell proliferation, and reduced IgM, IgG2 and IgG4 titers. Patients do not exhibit increased susceptibility to cancer. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Proportionate short stature |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Disproportionate short stature (disorder) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-hypotrichosis syndrome is a rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by congenital hypotrichosis associated with rhizomelic short stature (more pronounced in upper limbs than lower limbs), limited hip abduction and mild genu varum. Flared and irregular metaphyses, delayed and irregular epiphyseal ossification and pear-shaped vertebral bodies are characteristic radiologic findings. |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia-abnormal dentition syndrome is a rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by the association of dental anomalies (oligodontia with pointed incisors) and generalized platyspondyly with epiphyseal and metaphyseal involvement. Thin tapering fingers and accentuated palmar creases are additional features. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Geneviève type is a rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe developmental delay and skeletal dysplasia (including short stature, premature carpal ossification, platyspondyly, longitudinal metaphyseal striations, and small epiphyses), as well as moderate to severe intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism, including prominent forehead, mild synophrys, depressed nasal bridge, prominent bulbous nasal tip and full lips. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare, genetic immuno-osseous dysplasia associated with pre- and post-natal growth retardation, retinopathy, microcephaly, intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability with limited or absent speech and language, short stature, acquired microcephaly, kyphoscoliosis or scoliosis, and behavioral disturbances that include hyperactivity, stereotypy and aggressiveness. Facial dysmorphism, that typically includes sloping forehead, mild synophrys, deep-set eyes, strabismus, anteverted large ears, prominent nose and dental malposition, is also characteristic. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| A rare, genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, borderline to severe intellectual disability, feeding difficulties, behavioral anomalies, vision anomalies and mild facial dysmorphism. Other associated features may include microcephaly, short stature, urogenital or palatal anomalies (e.g. cleft palate), minor cardiac defects, recurrent infections or hearing loss. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by severe pre- and post-natal short stature, facial dysmorphism (including dolicocephaly, long triangular face, tall forehead, down-slanting palpebral fissures, prominent nose, long philtrum, small ears), early-onset or postpubertal sparse, short hair and hypoplastic fingernails. Small hands with tapering fingers, brachydactyly and fifth-finger clinodactyly, as well as a high-pitched voice are also associated. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare, genetic pituitary disease characterized by infantile-onset, rapid and excessive acceleration of linear growth and body size due to mixed growth hormone (GH)- and prolactin-secreting adenomas and/or pituitary hyperplasia. Patients present with gigantism and may have associated acromegalic features (e.g. coarse facial features, frontal bossing, prognathism, increased interdental space) as well as marked enlargement of hands and feet, soft tissue swelling, increased appetite and acanthosis nigricans. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-severe microcephaly-sensorineural hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, non-acquired pituitary hormone deficiency syndrome characterized by severe, congenital microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (highly arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, convex nasal ridge, protruding ears with underdeveloped superior antihelix crus, micrognathia), bilateral sensorineural deafness and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in association with early feeding problems, myopia, moderate intellectual disability and moderate short stature. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| A rare, genetic primary bone dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature with short, stiff neck and trunk and relatively long limbs, fingers and toes (which may present flexion contractures), severe vertebral body ossification delay (with frequent pycnodysostosis), markedly enlarged round epiphyses of the long bones, absent ossification of pubic bones and multiple pseudoepiphyses of the short tubular bones in hands and feet. Neurological manifestations resulting from cervical spine instability may be observed. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| A rare congenital limb malformation syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism (high forehead, depressed nasal bridge, long philtrum, flat malar region, high arched palate), short stature and deformities of the hands and feet (small hands/feet, flexion contractures of the first three metacarpophalangeal joints, extension contractures of the thumbs at the interphalangeal joints, clawed toes, mild pes cavus). Additional features include neonatal hypotonia, thin and shiny skin of the hands/feet, ridged nails, dry and coarse hair, mild weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscles and occasional ventricular extrasystoles. Intellectual disability may be present. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by cerebellar-like ataxia, photosensitivity (mainly of the face and trunk), short stature and intellectual disability. Additional features include clinodactyly, single palmar transverse crease, high-arched palate, pseudohypertrophy of the calves and aortic valve lesions. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by short stature, conductive hearing loss due to bilateral auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia and multiple skeletal abnormalities, including bilateral humeral hypoplasia, humeroscapular synostosis, delayed pubis rami ossification, central dislocation of the hips, and proximal femora defects, as well as bilateral talipes equinovarus, proximally implanted thumbs and lumbar hyperlordosis. Associated craniofacial dysmorphism includes micro/scaphocephaly, malar hypoplasia, high-arched palate, and simple, dysplastic pinnae with preauricular pits/tags. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Gigantism and acromegaly |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Nutritional stunting |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Pituitary dwarfism |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A type of familial infantile gigantism caused by microduplication of Xq26.3. Onset usually occurs in the first year of life in previously normal infants. Patients present with gigantism and may associate acromegalic features (e.g. coarse facial features, frontal bossing, prognathism, increased interdental space) as well as marked enlargement of hands and feet, soft tissue swelling, appetite increase and acanthosis nigricans. May present as a sporadic condition or as familial isolated pituitary adenomas. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Hypersomatotropic gigantism |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Hypothyroid dwarfism |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Autosomal recessive asexual dwarfism |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| X-linked asexual dwarfism |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome is characterized by the association of severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. It has been described in four unrelated individuals. Structural central nervous system anomalies, seizures and hearing loss were also reported, together with bowing of the clavicle, femur, tibia and fibula in some cases. The syndrome is caused by a Lys650Met substitution in the kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (encoded by the FGFR3 gene; 4p16.3). |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Bilateral Madelung deformity (disorder) |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| The more common type of Robinow syndrome characterized by mild to moderate limb shortening and abnormalities of the head, face and external genitalia. |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Gordon syndrome, also known as distal arthrogryposis type 3, is an extremely rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome characterized by congenital contractures of hand and feet with variable degrees of severity of camptodactyly, clubfoot and, less frequently, cleft palate. Intelligence is normal but in some cases, additional abnormalities, such as short stature, kyphoscoliosis, ptosis, micrognathia, and cryptorchidism may also be present. Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome and arthrogryposis with oculomotor limitation and electroretinal anomalies clinically and genetically overlap, and could represent variable expressions of the same condition. |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta type 5 (disorder) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Mesomelic dysplasia of upper limb (disorder) |
Interprets |
False |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Normal nail growth |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth retardation, short stature, feeding difficulty and failure to thrive, cardiac anomalies (septal defects and/or valve dysplasia), joint laxity, short extremities, brachydactyly, carpal and tarsal fusion, cervical vertebral fusion, inner ear malformation with bilateral conductive hearing loss, and dysmorphic facial features (such as hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, posteriorly rotated ears, anteverted nares, and long philtrum). Additional variable manifestations include gastroesophageal reflux and genitourinary anomalies, among others. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Normal childhood development (finding) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
1 |
| Body height growth rate |
Is a |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Parental height calculation used to predict their child's expected adult height. |
Is a |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Short stature disorder due to osteosclerosis (disorder) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia with growth hormone deficiency |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by early-onset progressive bone marrow failure with anemia, leukopenia, mild thrombopenia, and myelodysplastic features, as well as non-hematologic manifestations, such as developmental delay, cataracts, facial dysmorphism, short stature, and skeletal anomalies. Immunodeficiency primarily affects B-cells and may lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Additional reported features include dry skin and eczema, cardiac anomalies, hearing loss, and reduction of cerebral volume on brain imaging. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by the association of developmental delay, variable intellectual disability, skeletal dysplasia, and in many cases T-cell immunodeficiency and other immunologic abnormalities. Skeletal findings include short stature, anomalies of the long bones, hands and feet, and pelvis, platyspondyly, cervical malformation, and pectus excavatum. Dysmorphic facial features, such as coarse face, hypertelorism, and broad nasal tip, may be present. Additional reported manifestations are seizures, hyperreflexia, nystagmus, and muscular hypotonia, as well as multiple liver cysts. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by the presence of multiple café-au-lait macules and elevated rates of sister chromatid exchange demonstrated on cytogenetic testing. Pre- and postnatal growth deficiency with short stature, microcephaly, mild developmental delay, cardiomyopathy, and symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux have also been described, while malar rash is typically absent. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare bone disease and a form of microcephalic primordial dwarfism characterised by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, with marked microcephaly in proportion to body size, skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition, insulin resistance, and increased risk for cerebrovascular disease. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Psychosocial short stature (disorder) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Lethal congenital disproportionate short trunk short stature |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Lethal congenital disproportionate short limbed short stature (disorder) |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
| Atelosteogenesis type 2 |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A rare multiple epiphyseal dysplasia characterized by mild short stature, joint pain and early-onset osteoarthropathy, frequently requiring joint replacement. Radiographs from affected individuals may manifest features typical of Desbuquois dysplasia, including irregularly shaped capital femoral epiphyses, a short femoral neck (resembles the Swedish key appearance of the proximal femur) and advanced carpal ossification in the hands. However, some other features typical of Desbuquois dysplasia like joint dislocations, scoliosis, coronal clefts, or other hand anomalies including accessory ossification centers and/or delta phalanx are not observed. Anterior wedging of vertebral bodies, small epiphyses at the knees with metaphyseal flare may be present. Patients have normal metacarpal and phalangeal lengths, no distinctive facies nor neurologic complications. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature with short limbs, small hands and feet, and midface hypoplasia with small nose. Mild spondylar dysplasia, delayed epiphyseal ossification of the hip and knee, and severe brachydactyly with cone shaped phalangeal epiphyses are characteristic features. In adulthood, premature spondylosis and degenerative joint disease develop in some patients. Frequent respiratory infections with prolonged cough and inspiratory stridor, consistent with laryngomalacia, can also be present. Intelligence, dentition, hearing and visual acuity are not affected. |
Interprets |
True |
Height / growth measure |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
2 |
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