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49755003: Morphologically abnormal structure (morphologic abnormality)

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module
82877014 Abnormal tissue appearance en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
495494014 Morphologically abnormal structure en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
787468010 Morphologically abnormal structure (morphologic abnormality) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
3371000077116 structure anormale sur le plan morphologique fr Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT Switzerland NRC maintained Module

5223 descendants. Search Descendants:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships Type Target Active Characteristic Refinability Group Values
Morphologically abnormal structure Is a Morphologically altered structure true Inferred relationship Some
Inbound Relationships Type Active Source Characteristic Refinability Group
Cataract-hypertrichosis-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by congenital cataract, generalized hypertrichosis and intellectual deficit. It has been described in two Egyptian siblings born to consanguineous parents. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Severe intellectual disability-epilepsy-anal anomalies-distal phalangeal hypoplasia is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, epilepsy, hypoplasia of the terminal phalanges, and an anteriorly displaced anus. It has been described in two sisters born to consanguineous parents. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and appears to be caused by anomalies in two chromosome regions, one localized to chromosome 1 and the other to chromosome 14. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Infracardiac location of anomalous pulmonary venous connection to patent ductus venosus (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Alopecia, onychodysplasia, hypohidrosis, deafness ectodermal dysplasia Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome is characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature, scoliosis, and hearing loss (CATSHL). It has been described in around 30 individuals from seven generations of the same family. The syndrome is caused by a missense mutation in the FGFR3 gene, leading to a partial loss of function of the encoded protein, which is a negative regulator of bone growth. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Multiple venous malformation of skin and mucous membrane (disorder) Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay and borderline to severe intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder with obsessive behavior, stereotypies, hyperactivity but frequently friendly and affable personality, feeding difficulties, short stature, muscular hypotonia, microcephaly, characteristic dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, high arched eyebrows, ptosis, deep and/or broad nasal bridge, broad/prominent nasal tip, short and/or upturned philtrum, narrow mouth, and micrognathia), and skeletal anomalies (kyphosis and/or scoliosis, arthrogryposis, slender habitus and extremities). Other clinical features may include hernias, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism and seizures. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Complete situs inversus with dextrocardia Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Encephalocele of orbit Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Basan syndrome Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Camptodactyly syndrome, Guadalajara type 1 is a rare syndrome consisting of growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, camptodactyly and skeletal anomalies. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Tibia absent - polydactyly - arachnoid cyst syndrome is a very rare constellation of multiple anomalies, including absence or hypoplasia of the tibia. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Rachischisis with hydrocephalus Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Hypogonadism with prune belly syndrome Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Cataract-intellectual disability-anal atresia-urinary defects syndrome is characterized by congenital cataracts with squint, intellectual deficit, anomalies of the genitourinary tract (rectovesical fistula, micropenis, undescended testis, and hypospadias), imperforate anus and other anomalies. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Hypodontia and nail dysgenesis Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Greither type of ectodermal dysplasia Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital, total, cortical blindness, intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet, pre- and postnatal growth delay, psychomotor developmental retardation, and mild facial dysmorphism (including prominent forehead, short nose, long philtrum, high-arched palate, and microretrognathia). Recurrent respiratory and intestinal infections, as well as moderate hypertonia and hyperreflexia, are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
This newly described syndrome is characterized by cloverleaf skull, limb anomalies, facial dysmorphism and multiple congenital anomalies. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Ectodermal dysplasia, trichoodontoonychial type is a form of ectodermal dysplasia with hair, teeth and nail involvement characterized predominantly by hypodontia, hypotrichosis, delayed hair growth and brittle nails. Additionally, focal dermal hypoplasia, irregular hyperpigmentation, hypoplastic or absent nipples, amastia, hearing impairment, congenital hip dislocation and asthma have been associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Infracardiac location of anomalous pulmonary venous connections to inferior caval vein (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Cecoureterocele (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by the association of amelogenesis imperfecta and trichodysplasia with symmetrical pits in the cuticles of hair shafts. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare malformation syndrome that is characterized by short stature, hypoplastic fifth digits with tiny dysplastic nails, facial dysmorphism with coarse features including a wide mouth and broad nose, and mild intellectual disability. It has been suggested that Coffin-Siris syndrome and BOD syndrome are perhaps allelic variants. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Ichthyose-Hypotrichose-Syndrom Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare syndromic cerebellar ataxia characterized by hypodontia and sparse hair in combination with cerebellar ataxia and normal intelligence. Imaging demonstrates a cerebellar atrophy. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Infantile spasms-broad thumbs syndrome is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by profound developmental delay, facial dysmorphism (i.e. microcephaly, large anterior fontanel, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, beaked nose, micrognathia), broad thumbs and flexion and/or extension spasms. Bilateral cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hydrocele have also been reported. EEG shows hypsarrhythmic features and MRI may reveal partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, mild brain atrophy and/or ventriculomegaly. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Paired teeth microdontia (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Mohr syndrome Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare orofaciodigital syndrome characterised by median cleft of the upper lip, postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and oral manifestations (duplicated frenulum). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability and mild dysmorphic features. Early symptoms include hypotonia, delayed development of motor skills, speech delay, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and fingers with tapered ends. Other features include microcephaly, seizures, recurrent ear infections, strabismus, amblyopia and hyperopia. Behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, aggression, anxiety and autism spectrum occur in some cases. Caused by mutations in the HIVEP2 gene leading to a shortage of functional HIVEP2 protein. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutations in the gene. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Peutz-Jeghers polyps of small bowel Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Hypotrichosis-osteolysis-periodontitis-palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome is an extremely rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis universalis with mild to severe scarring alopecia, acro-osteolysis, onychogryphosis, thin and tapered fingertips, periodontitis and caries leading to premature teeth loss, linear or reticular palmoplantar keratoderma and erythematous, scaling, psoriasis-like skin lesions on arms and legs. Lingua plicata and ventricular tachycardia have also been observed. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by megalocornea, multiple skeletal anomalies, characteristic facial dysmorphism (wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, full cheeks and micrognathia) and developmental delay. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by macrostomia or abnormal mouth contour, preauricular tags or pits, and uni- or bilateral ptosis due to external ophthalmoplegia. This syndrome belongs to the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, a developmental disorder affecting the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Thoracolaryngopelvic dysplasia is a short-rib dysplasia characterized by thoracic dystrophy, laryngeal stenosis and a small pelvis. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in the ciliopathy group that is lethal in males and characterized by variable anomalies including external malformations (craniofacial and digital), and possible involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) and of viscera (kidneys, pancreas and ovaries) in females. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
A rare genetic disease characterized by the association of unilateral complete or partial lung agenesis, complex congenital cardiac anomalies such as atrial septal defect, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, or patent ductus arteriosus, and ipsilateral or bilateral thumb abnormalities. Presence of facial dysmorphism and other malformative features has also been reported. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Oro-facial digital syndrome type 12 Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 6
Oro-facial digital syndrome type 13 Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 5
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, severe visual impairment due to ocular malformations (microphthalmos and microcornea with sclerocornea), short stature, hypotrichosis, dental anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features (such as a narrow nasal bridge with marked distal flaring and low-set, protruding ears). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
BIDS brittle hair-impaired intellect-decreased fertility-short stature syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Otopalatodigital syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Otopalatodigital syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Crisponi syndrome (CS) is a severe disorder characterized by muscular contractions at birth, intermittent hyperthermia, facial abnormalities and camptodactyly. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Microcephaly-brachydactyly-kyphoscoliosis syndrome is characterized by profound intellectual deficit in association with microcephaly, short stature, brachydactyly type D, a flattened occiput, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set large ears, a broad prominent nose and kyphoscoliosis. It has been described in three sisters. The disorder is likely to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Short stature-webbed neck-heart disease syndrome is characterized by short stature, intellectual deficit, facial dysmorphism, short, webbed neck, skin changes and congenital heart defects. It has been reported in four Arab Bedouin siblings born to consanguineous parents. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, congenital, vascular anomaly syndrome characterized by venous or, on occasion, arterial malformations which lead to soft tissue hypertrophy and bone hypoplasia. Affected limb is generally shortened, highly deformed, painful and edematous and associates bone and muscle hypotrophy. Single parts, or multiple small parts, of limbs are typically affected but more extensive involvement, including complete extremity, shoulder girdle and axilla, has been reported. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Orofaciodigital syndrome type 14 is a rare subtype of orofaciodigital syndrome, with autosomal recessive inheritance and C2CD3 mutations, characterized by severe microcephaly, trigonocephaly, severe intellectual disability and micropenis, in addition to oral, facial and digital malformations (gingival frenulae, lingual hamartomas, cleft/lobulated tongue, cleft palate, telecanthus, up-slanting palpebral fissures, microretrognathia, postaxial polydactyly of hands and duplication of hallux). Corpus callosum agenesis and vermis hypoplasia with molar tooth sign, on brain imaging, are also associated. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 5
Aortic valve overriding ventricular septum (disorder) Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features and variable multiple congenital anomalies including ocular, brain, urogenital and skeletal abnormalities. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by skeletal dysplasia (including coronal clefting of the vertebral bodies and short limbs and variable congenital heart malformations, such as atrial and ventricular septal defects, right ventricular hypoplasia, and valve defects). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Lymphopenic agammaglobulinemia - short-limbed dwarfism syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Hay-Wells syndrome of ectodermal dysplasia Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Heart-hand syndrome type 2 is an extremely rare heart-hand syndrome described in two families to date, that is characterized by upper limb malformations (brachytelephalangy type D, hypoplastic deltoids, mild shortening of the fourth and fifth metacarpals in some individuals, skeletal anomalies in the humerus, radius, ulnae, and thenar bones) and cardiac arrhythmias (junctional rhythms and atrial fibrillation). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), also known as Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome, is characterized by the specific association of large and late-closing fontanels, hypertelorism, early-onset cataract and mild generalized skeletal dysplasia. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
14q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to coronary sinus (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Sparse hair with short stature and skin anomaly syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Localized microdontia Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 9 is characterized by highly arched palate with bifid tongue and bilateral supernumerary lower canines, hamartomatous tongue, multiple frenula, hypertelorism, telecanthus, strabismus, broad and/or bifid nasal tip, short stature, bifid halluces, forked metatarsal, poly- and syndactyly, mild intellectual deficit and specific retinal abnormalities (bilateral optic disc coloboma and retinal dysplasia with partial detachment). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Dilated odontoma (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Renier Gabreels Jasper syndrome Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Single tooth microdontia Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A disorder that is the mildest form of otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorder, and is characterised by a generalised skeletal dysplasia, mild intellectual disability, conductive hearing loss, and typical facial anomalies. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 5
A rare genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterised by woolly hair (presenting at birth), palmoplantar keratoderma (developing in the first year of life) and dilated cardiomyopathy with predominant left ventricle involvement (developing in childhood) which can lead to life-threatening heart failure in childhood or adolescence. Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Epiphyseal dysplasia-hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, sensorineural hearing impairment, facial dysmorphism (including epicanthus, broad, depressed nasal bridge, broad, fleshy nasal tip, mildly anteverted nares, deep nasolabial folds, broad mouth with thin upper lip) and skeletal anomalies (including abnormally placed thumbs, brachydactyly, scoliosis, dysplastic carpal bones). Patients also present severe behavior disturbances (aggression, hyperactivity), as well as hypopigmented skin lesions and hypoplastic digital patterns. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Orofacial-digital syndrome III Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
syndrome de Cayler Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by corneal epithelial changes (ranging from roughening to nodular irregularities), diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with thickened, erythematous, scaly lesions affecting the elbows, knees and knuckles, distal onycholysis, brachydactyly accompanied by a single transverse palmar crease, short stature, premature birth, and increased susceptibility to tooth decay. Ocular symptoms include photophobia, reduced night vision, burning and watery eyes, and varying visual acuity. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Clastothrix (disorder) Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Orofacial-digital syndrome IV Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare constitutional hemolytic anemia that is characterized by the association of Alport syndrome, midface hypoplasia, intellectual deficit and elliptocytosis. It has been described in two families. The syndrome is transmitted as an X-linked trait is caused by a contiguous gene deletion in Xq22.3 involving several genes including COL4A5, FACL4 and AMMECR1. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A developmental anomaly characterized at birth by the presence of right-sided aortic arch, craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, asymmetric, facial bones, broad forehead, borderline hypertelorism, nasal septum deviation, large nasal cavity, large, posteriorly rotated ears, and microstomia with downturned corners), and intellectual disability. These features were observed in 4 members of one family, involving 2 successive generations, suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1968. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Microcephalic osteodysplastic dysplasia, Saul-Wilson type is a skeletal dysplasia characterised by a distinct facial phenotype, short stature, brachydactyly, clubfoot deformities, cataracts, and microcephaly. It has been described in four patients. Facial features include frontal bossing with a depression over the metopic suture, a narrow nasal root with a beaked nose, and midfacial hypoplasia with prominent eyes. Characteristic radiographic findings are observed (irregularities of the vertebral bodies, hypoplasia of the odontoid process, short phalanges, coning several epiphyses etc.). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Oro-facial digital syndrome type 10 (disorder) Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital conductive hearing loss Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, syndromic diabetes mellitus characterized by partial pancreatic agenesis, diabetes mellitus, and heart anomalies (including transposition of the great vessels, ventricular or atrial septal defects, pulmonary stenosis, or patent ductus arteriosis). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome defined by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, hypoplasia/aplasia of the nails of the thumb and great toe, and facial dysmorphism. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, neuropathic visceral dysmotility (resulting in neurogenic megacystis and sometimes chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome), intracerebral calcifications, and dysmorphic facial features (including broad forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, strabismus, protruding and low-set ears, and retrognathia). Microcephaly and renal abnormalities have also been reported. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Ulbright-Hodes syndrome is characterized by renal dysplasia, growth retardation, phocomelia or mesomelia, radiohumeral fusion, rib abnormalities, anomalies of the external genitalia and a Potter-like facies. The syndrome has been described in three infants (one pair of siblings and an unrelated case), all of whom died shortly after birth from respiratory distress resulting from pulmonary hypoplasia and oligohydramnios caused by renal dysplasia. The mode of transmission appears to be autosomal recessive. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Dysmorphism-cleft palate-loose skin syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, congenital, symmetrical circumferential skin creases of arms and legs, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism (including elongated face, high forehead, blepharophimosis, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, microcornea, epicanthic folds, telecanthus, microtia, posteriorly angulated ears, broad nasal bridge, microstomia and micrognathia). Additional features reported include short stature, microcephaly, hypotonia, pectus excavatum, severe scoliosis, hypoplastic scrotum, and mixed hearing loss. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Fibulo-ulnar hypoplasia-renal anomalies syndrome is characterized by fibulo-ulnar dysostosis with renal anomalies. It has been described in two siblings born to non-consanguinous parents. The syndrome is lethal at birth (respiratory failure). Clinical manifestations include ear and facial anomalies (including micrognathia), symmetrical shortness of long bones, fibular agenesis and hypoplastic ulna, oligosyndactyly, congenital heart defects, and cystic or hypoplastic kidney. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Microcephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-cardiac conduction defect syndrome is a rare, genetic congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth failure, global developmental delay, profound intellectual disability, autistic behaviors, acquired second-degree heart block with bradycardia and vasomotor instability. Hands and feet present with long fusiform fingers, campto-clinodactyly and crowded toes while craniofacial dysmorphism includes microcephaly, broad forehead, thin eyebrows, upslanting palpebral fissures, large ears with prominent antihelix, prominent nose, long philtrum, thin upper lip vermillion and prominent lower lip. Neurological signs include hypotonia, brisk reflexes, dystonic-like movements and truncal ataxia and imaging shows cerebellar hypoplasia and simplified gyral pattern. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic disease characterized by global developmental delay with language and cognition deficiencies, behavioral problems, osteopenia, joint laxity, skin defects consisting of hyperkeratosis and sweat gland and melanocyte abnormalities with hypopigmented areas, and abnormal hair structure. Mild facial dysmorphism (prominent forehead, thick eyebrows, epicanthal folds, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, and micrognathia), abnormalities of the teeth, and skeletal and cardiac anomalies have also been described. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Relative generalised microdontia Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Trichodermodysplasia-dental alterations syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by sparse, thin, brittle scalp hair, as well as sparse eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary and pubic hair, delayed eruption of deciduous teeth and hypodontia of both dentitions. Mild palmoplantar keratosis, café-au-lait spots on back, mild dystrophy of nails, and tibial deflection of toes are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by variable skeletal abnormalities (including craniostenosis, pectus carinatum, short sternum, joint hyperextensibility, and abnormal vertebrae), cutis laxa with excessive skin folds around the cheek, chin and neck, ambiguous genitalia with a micropenis and perineal hypospadia, an umbilical hernia, intellectual disability, premature aged appearance, and cardiac enlargement involving either the ventricles or atria. Facial dysmorphism is variable and can include multiple hair whorls, ptosis, high and broad nasal root, low set ears and small chin. Enamel hypocalcification, abnormal modelling of tubular bones, and reduced cutis laxa may become apparent later on. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 3
Intellectual disability-seizures-macrocephaly-obesity syndrome is a rare syndromic obesity due to complex chromosomal rearrangement characterized by development delay and intellectual disability, childhood-onset obesity, seizures, poor coordination and broad-based gait, macrocephaly and mild dysmorphic features (such as narrow palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia and thin upper lips), eczema, ocular abnormalities and a social personality. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Nasofrontal encephalocele Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 5
Holoprosencephaly-caudal dysgenesis syndrome is a central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by holoprosencephaly with microcephaly, abnormal eye morphology (hypotelorism, cyclopia, exophthalmos), nasal anomalies (single nostril or absent nose), and cleft lip/palate, combined with signs of caudal regression (sacral agenesis, sirenomelia with absent external genitalia). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Nail and teeth abnormalities-marginal palmoplantar keratoderma-oral hyperpigmentation syndrome is a rare genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by short stature, nail dystrophy and/or nail loss, oral mucosa and/or tongue hyperpigmentation, dentition abnormalities (delayed teeth eruption, hypodontia, enamel hypoplasia), keratoderma on the margins of the palms and soles and focal hyperkeratosis on the dorsum of the hands and feet. Additionally, dysphagia with esophageal strictures, sensorineural deafness, bronchial asthma and severe iron-deficiency anemia have been observed. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4
Noneruption of teeth - maxillary hypoplasia - genu valgum is an extremely rare syndrome that is characterized by multiple unerupted permanent teeth, hypoplasia of the alveolar process and of the maxillo-zygomatic region, severe genu valgum and deformed ears. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare form of primordial dwarfism, often microcephalic, characterized by short stature, global developmental delay, variable intellectual disability and recognizable dysmorphic facial features (triangular face, prominent forehead, deeply set eyes, low-set ears, wide nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, thick lips, and widely spaced teeth). Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly is characterized by non-progressive leukoencephalopathy, bilateral cysts in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, cerebral white matter anomalies and severe psychomotor impairment. Less than 50 patients have been described in the literature so far. Inheritance is most likely autosomal recessive. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
Nasopharyngeal encephalocele Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 5
Facial dysmorphism-lens dislocation-anterior segment abnormalities-spontaneous filtering blebs syndrome is a syndromic developmental defect of the eye characterized by dislocated or subluxated crystalline lenses, anterior segment abnormalities, and distinctive facial features such as flat cheeks and a prominent, beaked nose. Affected individuals may develop nontraumatic conjunctival cysts, also referred to as filtering blebs. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare syndrome described in three members of a family (a boy, his father, and his paternal grandmother) that is characterized by the association of aniridia with patella aplasia or hypoplasia. The grandmother also had bilateral cataracts and glaucoma. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1975. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
Orofaciodigital syndrome type 11 is an extremely rare, sporadic form of Orofaciodigital syndrome with only a few reported cases, and characterized by facial (blepharophimosis, bulbous nasal tip, broad nasal bridge, downslanting palpebral fissures and low set ears) and skeletal (post-axial polydactyly and fusion of vertebrae) malformations along with severe intellectual disability, deafness and congenital heart defects. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
X-linked mandibulofacial dysostosis is an extremely rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome that is characterised by microcephaly, malar hypoplasia with downslanting palpebral fissures, highly arched palate, apparently low-set and protruding ears, micrognathia, short stature, bilateral hearing loss, and learning disability. Occasionally, additional features have been observed such as bilateral cryptorchidism, cardiac valvular lesions, body asymmetry, and pectus excavatum. Associated morphology True Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, epilepsy syndrome characterized by epilepsy, palpebral conjunctival telangiectasias, borderline to moderate intellectual disability, diminished serum IgA levels, shortened fifth fingers and dysmorphic facial features (including frontal hirsutism, synophrys, anteverted nostrils, prominent ears, long philtrum, irregular teeth implantation, micrognathia). No new cases have been described in the literature since 1978. Associated morphology False Morphologically abnormal structure Inferred relationship Some 4

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