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55199003: Hypoplasia (morphologic abnormality)

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module
91766011 Hypoplasia en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
91769016 Hypocellularity en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core
793513011 Hypoplasia (morphologic abnormality) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

0 descendants.

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships Type Target Active Characteristic Refinability Group Values
Hypoplasia Is a Maturation defect true Inferred relationship Some
Hypoplasia Is a anomalie du développement false Inferred relationship Some
Inbound Relationships Type Active Source Characteristic Refinability Group
Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular degeneration (HJMD) is a very rare syndrome characterized by sparse and short hair from birth followed by progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
Achondrogenesis, type IB Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of left ventricular inflow tract Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Severe intellectual disability-epilepsy-anal anomalies-distal phalangeal hypoplasia is characterized by severe intellectual deficit, epilepsy, hypoplasia of the terminal phalanges, and an anteriorly displaced anus. It has been described in two sisters born to consanguineous parents. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and appears to be caused by anomalies in two chromosome regions, one localized to chromosome 1 and the other to chromosome 14. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, genetic, eye disease characterized by foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve misrouting with an increased number of axons decussating at the optic chiasm and innervating the contralateral cortex, and posterior embryotoxon or Axenfeld anomaly (indicating anterior segment dysgenesis), in the absence of albinism. Patients present congenital nystagmus, decreased visual acuity, refractive errors and, occasionally, strabismus. Microphthalmia and retinochoroidal coloboma may also be associated. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare, genetic, pontocerebellar hypoplasia subtype characterized by severe psychomotor developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, progressive spasticity, seizures, and brain abnormalities consisting of mild atrophy of the cerebellum, pons and corpus callosum and cortical atrophy with delayed myelination. Patients may present dysmorphic facial features (high arched eyebrows, prominent eyes, long palpebral fissures and eyelashes, broad nasal root, and hypoplastic alae nasi) and an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, genetic, pontocerebellar hypoplasia subtype characterized by severe psychomotor developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, progressive spasticity, seizures, and brain abnormalities consisting of mild atrophy of the cerebellum, pons and corpus callosum and cortical atrophy with delayed myelination. Patients may present dysmorphic facial features (high arched eyebrows, prominent eyes, long palpebral fissures and eyelashes, broad nasal root, and hypoplastic alae nasi) and an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, congenital muscular dystrophy due to dystroglycanopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness with a tendency for muscle hypertrophy and pseudohypertrophy, variable cognitive impairment, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia with or without cysts, and other structural brain anomalies. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, non-syndromic cerebral malformation due to abnormal neuronal migration disease characterized by the association of cortical dysplasia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, manifesting with global developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, axial hypotonia, strabismus, nystagmus and, occasionally, optic nerve hypoplasia. Brain imaging reveals variable malformations, including frontally predominant microgyria, gyral disorganization and simplification, dysmorphic and hypertrophic basal ganglia, cerebellar vermis dysplasia, brainstem/corpus callosum hypoplasia, and/or olfactory bulbs agenesis. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia subtype characterized by the presence of lissencephaly with an abrupt transition, near the boundary between the frontal and parietal cortex, from frontal agyria to posterior gyral simplification, associated with cerebellar hypoplasia which predominantly affects the midline vermis. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare, genetic, lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia subtype characterized by classical lissencephaly with thickened cortical gray matter (with either no discernable gradient, a predominantly posterior gradient, or a predominantly anterior gradient) associated with variable, predominantly midline, cerebellar hypoplasia. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Severe achondrolasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans Associated morphology False Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 5
A rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by a bell-shaped thorax, disproportionate short stature, pelvic hypoplasia, dislocatable radial heads and elongated distal fibulae. No acetabular spurs nor phalangeal cone-shaped epiphyses are present, and osseous manifestations tend to normalize with age. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, genetic, central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by early-onset, progressive, severe cerebellar ataxia associated with progressive, moderate to severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, progressively coarsening facial features, relative macrocephaly and absence of seizures. Sensorineural hearing loss may be associated. Neuroimaging reveals cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Hypoplastic chondrodystrophy Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare, genetic, non-syndromic cerebral malformation due to abnormal neuronal migration disease characterized by the association of cortical dysplasia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, manifesting with global developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, axial hypotonia, strabismus, nystagmus and, occasionally, optic nerve hypoplasia. Brain imaging reveals variable malformations, including frontally predominant microgyria, gyral disorganization and simplification, dysmorphic and hypertrophic basal ganglia, cerebellar vermis dysplasia, brainstem/corpus callosum hypoplasia, and/or olfactory bulbs agenesis. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe white matter hypoplasia, corpus callosum agenesis or extreme hypoplasia, severe intellectual disability, failure to thrive and minor midline facial dysmorphism (including hypertelorism, broad nasal root, micrognathia). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare endocrine disease characterized by a miniature adult type of congenital adrenal hypoplasia (residual adrenal cortex is composed of a small amount of permanent adult cortex with normal structural organization), selective absence of pituitary luteinizing hormone in otherwise normal brain, and neonatal demise. Patients present with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypoglycemia, seizures, encephalopathy and diabetes insipidus. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Undergrowth of whole hand Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Right hypoplastic heart syndrome Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Marie Unna syndrome Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome with characteristics of blepharophimosis, ptosis, dental hypoplasia, hearing impairment and intellectual disability. Abnormal ears, microcephaly, and growth retardation have been reported occasionally. Male patients may show cryptorchidism and scrotal hypoplasia. Most reported cases are sporadic, except the original cases of Ohdo who described two affected sisters and a first cousin, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal dominant, X-linked- and mitochondrial inheritance have also been suggested. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
syndrome de Cayler Associated morphology False Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal face and distal limb anomalies (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 5
Diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal face and distal limb anomalies (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 4
Septo-optic dysplasia sequence Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
An extremely rare type of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by the classical signs of T-B- SCID (severe and recurrent infections, diarrhea, failure to thrive, absence of T and B lymphocytes), associated with skeletal anomalies like short stature, bowing of the long bones and metaphyseal abnormalities of variable degree of severity. Associated morphology False Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
An X-linked clinical subtype of L1 syndrome with characteristics of mild to moderate intellectual disability, delayed development of speech, hypotonia progressing to spasticity or spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs and mild to moderate distension of the cerebral ventricles. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Deficient mural leaflet of left ventricular component of common atrioventricular valve Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of cranial sinus (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of annulus fibrosus of aorta (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome is characterized by the association of severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. It has been described in four unrelated individuals. Structural central nervous system anomalies, seizures and hearing loss were also reported, together with bowing of the clavicle, femur, tibia and fibula in some cases. The syndrome is caused by a Lys650Met substitution in the kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (encoded by the FGFR3 gene; 4p16.3). Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 4
Primary congenital hypoplasia of bilateral lungs (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Primary congenital hypoplasia of bilateral lungs (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
This is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome, characterised by a complete inability of the body to respond to luteinising hormone (LH), a gonadotropin which is normally responsible for signalling Leydig cells of the testicles to produce testosterone. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
This is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome, characterised by a partial inability of the body to respond to luteinising hormone (LH), a gonadotropin which is normally responsible for signalling Leydig cells of the testicles to produce testosterone. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of optic nerve due to central nervous system malformation Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Optic nerve hypoplasia due to endocrine deficiency Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of right coronoid process of mandible (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of left coronoid process of mandible Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of right condyloid process of mandible (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Hypoplasia of left condyloid process of mandible (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare congenital malformation syndrome, most commonly presenting with hemifacial microsomia associated with ear and/or eye malformations and vertebral anomalies of variable severity. Additional malformations involving the heart, kidneys, central nervous, digestive and skeletal systems may also be associated. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Bilateral secondary hypoplasia of lung Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Bilateral secondary hypoplasia of lung Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
X-linked complicated corpus callosum dysgenesis (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Bilateral coronoid hypoplasia of mandible Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Bilateral condylar hypoplasia of mandible Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Microcephaly-brain defect-spasticity-hypernatremia syndrome is a rare congenital genetic syndrome with a central nervous system malformation as a major feature characterized by microcephaly, hypertonia, developmental delay and cognitive impairment, swallowing difficulty, hypernatremia, and hypoplasia of the frontal parts and fusion of the lateral ventricles on brain MRI. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
Syndrome with characteristics of congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, endosteal sclerosis, hypotonia, ataxia, mild to moderate developmental delay, short stature, hip dislocation, and tooth eruption disturbances. It has been described in four patients. Less common manifestations are microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, optic atrophy and dysarthria. It is appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 6
Aase syndrome Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Left acquired malar hypoplasia Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Right acquired malar hypoplasia Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Acquired hypoplasia of bilateral zygomatic bones (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Acquired hypoplasia of bilateral zygomatic bones (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare hereditary ataxia characterized by delayed motor milestones in early infancy, hypotonia, ataxic gait, intention tremor, nystagmus, dysarthric speech, and variable learning difficulties. Neuroimaging shows a mixed picture of cerebellar hypoplasia and degeneration, with an almost absent inferior lobule and thinning of the folia of the vermis. In addition, cisterna magna and fourth ventricle are enlarged with relative sparing of the brain stem volume. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare disorder with multisystemic involvement and glomerulopathy characterized by progressive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome typically associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as primary adrenal insufficiency with adrenal calcifications. Age of onset and disease course are variable, with some cases presenting as severe fetal hydrops, while most patients present in infancy or early childhood and progress to end-stage renal disease within a few years. Additional features include ichthyosis, primary hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, immunodeficiency, and neurological manifestations (such as cognitive impairment, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, or seizures). Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by short stature, hand brachydactyly with hypoplastic distal phalanges, global development delay, intellectual disability, and more variably seizures, obesity, and craniofacial dysmorphism that includes microcephaly, high forehead, flat face, hypertelorism, deep set eyes, flat nasal bridge, averted nostrils, long philtrum, thin lip vermilion, and short neck. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moderate to severe developmental delay/intellectual disability with absent or limited speech development, various behavioral problems (including autistic features, hyperactivity, or aggressiveness), and craniofacial anomalies such as long face, high and prominent forehead, bulbous nose with low-hanging columella, thin vermillion of the upper lip, palatal (cleft palate, high-arched palate, and bifid uvula) and dental (abnormal upper incisors) abnormalities, and micrognathia. Hypotonia and feeding difficulties are frequent. Other supportive findings may include skeletal anomalies with low bone density and abnormal brain imaging. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by congenital microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, hypertonia at birth lessening with age, ataxia, and specific dysmorphic facial features including hirsutism, low anterior hairline and bitemporal narrowing, arched, thick, and medially sparse eyebrows, long eyelashes, lateral upper eyelids swelling and a skin fold partially covering the inferior eyelids, low-set posteriorly rotated protruding ears, anteverted nares, and a full lower lip. Brain imaging shows partial to almost complete agenesis of the corpus callosum and variable degrees of cerebellar hypoplasia. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by linear hypopigmentation and hypotrichosis following the lines of Blaschko, symmetric or asymmetric facial dysmorphism, and body asymmetry, in association with ocular, dental, and acral anomalies. Reported manifestations include microphthalmia, strabismus, myopia, oligodontia, microdontia, conical teeth, abnormal enamel, brachydactyly, syndactyly, and broad first toe, as well as dysmorphic facial features such as downslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, malar hypoplasia, and microstomia. Brain imaging may show cystic leukoencephalopathy and ventricular dilation. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 4
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth retardation, hypotonia, cerebellar symptoms such as ataxia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and dysmorphic craniofacial features (including microcephaly, dolichocephaly, prominent ears, epicanthus, broad nasal bridge, long and flat philtrum, or small mouth). Additional reported manifestations are epilepsy, retinitis pigmentosa, and urogenital abnormalities, among others. Brain imaging may show cerebellar hypoplasia. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare genetic lethal multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by early intrauterine growth retardation, generalized edema, craniofacial dysmorphism (such as microcephaly, brachycephaly, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, or absent nasal bone), cerebellar hypoplasia, sex reversal in male fetuses, congenital heart defects (including septal and valve defects and cardiomegaly), and late fetal loss. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare macular disorder characterized mostly by a variable degree of decreased visual acuity, jerk or pendular nystagmus, and typical ocular findings at imaging. The disease is usually bilateral. Rarely, nystagmus can be absent. Locally, the disease is characterized by underdeveloped foveal pit, absence of foveal pigmentation and/or foveal avascular zone, and persistence of inner retinal layers at the fovea, in absence of concomitant ocular or systemic pathology. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic disease characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, abnormalities in the secondary dentition (such as enamel hypoplasia, taurodontism, or dental overcrowding), and nail abnormalities (including leukonychia and presence of transverse ridges). Association with macular dystrophy has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 6
Hypoplasia of hypothalamus Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare genetic disease characterized by pre- and postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, adrenal hypoplasia, genital abnormalities (such as microphallus, hypospadias, or cryptorchidism), thrombocytopenia and/or anemia, recurrent severe invasive infections, and enteropathy with chronic diarrhea. Myelodysplastic syndrome and dysmorphic features (including downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, anteverted nares, camptodactyly, and arachnodactyly, among others) may also be observed. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare genetic lethal multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by mid-gestation lethality and features of a ciliopathy. Clinical manifestations include hydrocephalus, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, corpus callosum agenesis, duodenal atresia, gastrointestinal malrotation, bilateral renal hypoplasia, and dysmorphic craniofacial features (such as microcephaly, hypertelorism, low-set ears, prominent nose, short columella, cleft palate, micrognathia, and wide mouth). Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare genetic lethal multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by mid-gestation lethality and features of a ciliopathy. Clinical manifestations include hydrocephalus, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, corpus callosum agenesis, duodenal atresia, gastrointestinal malrotation, bilateral renal hypoplasia, and dysmorphic craniofacial features (such as microcephaly, hypertelorism, low-set ears, prominent nose, short columella, cleft palate, micrognathia, and wide mouth). Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 4
A rare, autosomal recessive, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized mainly by developmental delay, variable intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphic features (central incisors macrodontia and slender fingers), short stature and variable congenital anomalies. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
Hypotrichosis with keratosis pilaris and lentiginosis Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan type is characterized by severely hypoplastic and triangular-shaped tibiae, and absence of the fibulae. So far, two sporadic cases have been described. Moderate mesomelia of the upper limbs, proximal widening of the ulnas, pelvic anomalies and marked bilateral glenoid hypoplasia were also reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature from birth with dysplasia of the ulna and fibula. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature from birth with dysplasia of the ulna and fibula. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 5
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis, tooth enamel hypoplasia, hypoplastic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, hyperhidrosis on hands, face, and scalp, bilateral partial cutaneous syndactyly, and dysmorphic facial features with large prominent ear pinnae, pointed nose, and thin upper lips. Association of cardiomegaly has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 6
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hypotrichosis, tooth enamel hypoplasia, hypoplastic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, hyperhidrosis on hands, face, and scalp, bilateral partial cutaneous syndactyly, and dysmorphic facial features with large prominent ear pinnae, pointed nose, and thin upper lips. Association of cardiomegaly has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 7
Congenital hypoplasia of testis and scrotum (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Right streak ovary (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Left streak ovary (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A rare chromosomal anomaly with characteristics of complex glycerol kinase deficiency, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, intellectual disability and/or Duchenne muscular dystrophy that usually affect males. The clinical features depend on the deletion size and the number and type of involved genes. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar syndrome, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Behavioral abnormalities are frequently observed. Other reported manifestations include seizures, ocular anomalies, recurrent respiratory infections, and thin or absent corpus callosum, among others. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar syndrome, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Behavioral abnormalities are frequently observed. Other reported manifestations include seizures, ocular anomalies, recurrent respiratory infections, and thin or absent corpus callosum, among others. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A lethal form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of prenatal onset of microcephaly, hypoplasia of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, dysmorphic craniofacial features such as sloping forehead and micrognathia, and multiple contractures. Supratentorial atrophy has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A lethal form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of prenatal onset of microcephaly, hypoplasia of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, dysmorphic craniofacial features such as sloping forehead and micrognathia, and multiple contractures. Supratentorial atrophy has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A lethal form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of prenatal onset of microcephaly, hypoplasia of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, dysmorphic craniofacial features such as sloping forehead and micrognathia, and multiple contractures. Supratentorial atrophy has also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 4
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of infantile onset of severe global developmental delay with absent speech, hypotonia, feeding problems, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and development of pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging later in childhood. Other structural abnormalities of the brain, which may already be apparent at an earlier stage, include small hippocampus, thin corpus callosum, periventricular white matter abnormalities, and Dandy-Walker malformation. Seizures, nystagmus, and cortical visual impairment have been reported in some cases. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia with characteristics of infantile onset of severe global developmental delay with absent speech, hypotonia, feeding problems, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and development of pontocerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging later in childhood. Other structural abnormalities of the brain, which may already be apparent at an earlier stage, include small hippocampus, thin corpus callosum, periventricular white matter abnormalities, and Dandy-Walker malformation. Seizures, nystagmus, and cortical visual impairment have been reported in some cases. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterised by severe, progressive microcephaly and severe global developmental delay apparent from birth, severe intellectual disability with lack of social interactions and absence of speech, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum on brain imaging. In addition, affected individuals often present hypotonia, spastic tetraplegia, and early-onset seizures. Chronic anaemia and thrombocytopenia have also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia characterised by severe, progressive microcephaly and severe global developmental delay apparent from birth, severe intellectual disability with lack of social interactions and absence of speech, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum on brain imaging. In addition, affected individuals often present hypotonia, spastic tetraplegia, and early-onset seizures. Chronic anaemia and thrombocytopenia have also been reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 3
A rare syndromic optic nerve hypoplasia with characteristics of coloboma, osteopetrosis (particularly of the anterior ribs and femoral heads), severe microphthalmia, macrocephaly, albinism, and profound congenital deafness. Patients may also have additional eye anomalies including microcornea with pannus, dense bilateral cataracts, and translucent irides. Craniofacial dysmorphism (including frontal bossing, shallow orbits, preauricular pits, posteriorly rotated ears, micrognathia and wide palatine ridges) is also reported. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 6
Congenital hypoplasia of left zygomatic bone (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of right zygomatic bone (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of bilateral zygomatic bones (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of bilateral zygomatic bones (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 2
A rare, isolated, congenital, head and neck morphological anomaly characterised by the unilateral hypoplasia/agenesis of the depressor anguli oris muscle, resulting in an asymmetric crying facies in neonatal period/infancy (drooping of one corner of the mouth during crying) while eye closure, nasolabial fold and forehead wrinkling are symmetric. Although isolated in the majority of cases, newborns presenting with this morphological anomaly should be referred for further screening for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and/or other coexisting cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, cervicofacial, respiratory, genitourinary and endocrine anomalies. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
The presence of congenital unilateral hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle, resulting in an asymmetric crying facies in neonatal period/infancy. May present as an isolated clinical finding however when it is present in conjunction with other congenital malformations the disorder is referred to as syndrome. Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of posterior pituitary Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of anterior pituitary Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of cerebral white matter (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of frontal lobe (disorder) Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1
Congenital hypoplasia of cerebral hemisphere Associated morphology True Hypoplasia Inferred relationship Some 1

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