| Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
| A rare lethal combination of manifestations including short stature, congenital cataracts, encephalopathy with epileptic fits, and postmortem confirmation of nephropathy (renal tubular necrosis). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1963. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Congenital intrauterine infection-like syndrome is characterized by the presence of microcephaly and intracranial calcifications at birth accompanied by neurological delay, seizures and a clinical course similar to that seen in patients after intrauterine infection with Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex (so-called TORCH syndrome), or other agents, despite repeated tests revealing the absence of any known infectious agent. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic, syndromic eye disorder characterized by progressive joint stiffness, glaucoma, short stature and lens dislocation. This syndrome shows similarities to Moore-Federman syndrome. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the association of cerebellum (rhombencephalosynapsis), cranial nerves (trigeminal anesthesia), and scalp (alopecia) abnormalities. Other features observed in patients were craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, bilateral corneal opacities, low-set ears, short stature, moderate intellectual impairment and ataxia. Hyperactivity, depression, self-injurious behavior and bipolar disorder have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by psychomotor and growth delay, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. Additional reported manifestations include increased muscle tonus, seizures, cardiac anomalies, recurrent bronchopneumonia, camptodactyly, preauricular skin tag, and dysmorphic facial features (such as broad forehead, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, and prominent ears), among others. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic congenital malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral anophthalmia (or less commonly microphthalmia) in association with a variable combination of the following: pulmonary hypoplasia or agenesis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia or eventration, and variable cardiovascular defects (congenital heart defects and/or pulmonary artery atresia). Intellectual disability is noted in surviving patients. Other variable malformations affecting different organ systems, as well as facial dysmorphism, may be observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic multisystem disorder characterized by a neurodegenerative disorder associating global developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with extrapyramidal involvement, progressive optic atrophy, and in many patients early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic disease characterized by sclerosing dysplasia affecting the diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the long bones, as well as the skull and metacarpals, in association with skin changes like those seen in ichthyosis vulgaris and premature ovarian failure with bilateral hypoplasia of the ovaries. Patients present in adulthood, primarily with swelling of the extremities and occasional mild pain in the legs. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by a variable combination of dental, cutaneous, ocular, and bone abnormalities, including pyramidal and fused molar roots, taurodontism, an abnormal upper lip without a cupid's bow and thickened and wide philtrum, juvenile glaucoma, syndactyly, and clinodactyly. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1973. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndromic agammaglobulinaemia characterised by profound B-cell depletion (with normal T-cell numbers) resulting in agammaglobulinaemia, associated with severe developmental delay, microcephaly, craniosynostosis, cleft palate, narrowing of the choanae, blepharophimosis, and severe dermatitis. Additional reported features include distal joint contractures, renal/genitourinary anomalies, and mild cerebral atrophy, among others. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare congenital urogenital anomaly characterized by the presence of double uterus (didelphys, bicornuate or septum-complete or partial), unilateral cervico-vaginal obstruction (obstructed hemivagina-communicant, not communicant or septate and unilateral cervical atresia) and ipsilateral renal anomalies (renal agenesis and/or other urinary tract anomalies). Patients are usually diagnosed at puberty after menarche due to recurrent severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, excessive foul smelling mucopurulent discharge, spotting and intermenstrual bleeding (depending on the existence of uterine or vaginal communications). Fever, dyspareunia, and a palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos) may also be present. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic disease characterized by bilateral Duane retraction syndrome type 3 (consisting of severe limitation of abduction, restriction of adduction, retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure) and congenital myopathy manifesting as mild non-progressive hypotonia without muscular weakness, as well as delayed motor milestones, severe early-onset scoliosis, and short stature. Intelligence is normal. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| syndrome de dyschondrostéose - néphropathie |
Is a |
False |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| This syndrome is characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, intellectual deficit, congenital skeletal anomalies involving the cervical spine and superior ribs, and diabetes mellitus. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Meacham syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by congenital diaphragmatic abnormalities, genital defects and cardiac malformations. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by varying degrees of caudal dysgenesis, ranging from a single umbilical artery or imperforate anus to full sirenomelia, in several members of the same family. Phenotype includes lumbosacral agenesis, anal atresia or ectopia, genitourinary abnormalities, components of VATER or VACTERL association, and facial dysmorphism (flat facies, abnormal ears, bilateral epicanthic folds, depressed nasal bridge, micrognathia). Additional features reported include cardiovascular (e.g. endocardial cushion defect, hypoplasia of pulmonary artery) and skeletal (kyphosis, hemipelvis) anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| PAGOD syndrome is a severe developmental syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies including cardiovascular defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic defects and genital anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and congenital heart defects (e.g. atrial/ventricular septal defect, hypoplastic aortic arch with persistent ductus arteriosus). Additional manifestations include mild hypothyroidism, skeletal abnormalities, micropenis, delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic facial features (including epicanthus, depressed nasal bridge, prominent antitragus), and pulmonary vascular occlusive disease. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by macrostomia or abnormal mouth contour, preauricular tags or pits, and uni- or bilateral ptosis due to external ophthalmoplegia. This syndrome belongs to the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, a developmental disorder affecting the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| RIN2 syndrome, formerly known as macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, is a very rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by macrocephaly, sparse scalp hair, soft-redundant and hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis. Patients have progressive facial coarsening with downslanted palpebral fissures, upper eyelid fullness/infraorbital folds, thick/everted vermillion, gingival overgrowth and abnormal position of the teeth. Rarer manifestations such as abnormal high-pitched voice, bronchiectasis, hypergonadotropic hypergonadism and brachydactyly have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral lid coloboma, and telecanthus. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Native American myopathy (NAM) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness, arthrogryposis, kyphoscoliosis, short stature, cleft palate, ptosis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Spondylocostal dysostosis with anal atresia and genitourinary malformation syndrome (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Fallot complex - intellectual deficit - growth delay is a rare disorder characterized by tetralogy of Fallot, minor facial anomalies, and severe intellectual deficiency and growth delay. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| This syndrome is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, renal dysgenesis and a unilobed or absent thymus. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare metabolic liver disease characterized by progressive liver disease and early cirrhosis due to accumulation of toxic cholesterol metabolites, which are detectable in bile, plasma, and urine, in association with dental abnormalities such as general hypomineralization and enamel hypoplasia, as well as occurrence of supernumerary teeth. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare neurologic disease characterized by bilateral cataract, Dandy-Walker malformation, and childhood onset of distal spinal muscular atrophy. Patients present with progressively deteriorating symmetrical distal muscle weakness and atrophy of the lower limbs (and, to a much lesser degree, also the upper limbs) and decreased tendon reflexes in the lower and upper limbs. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| SERKAL (SEx Reversion, Kidneys, Adrenal and Lung dysgenesis) syndrome is characterized by female to male sex reversal and developmental anomalies of the kidneys, adrenal glands and lungs. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by generalized keratosis follicularis, severe proportionate dwarfism and cerebral atrophy. Alopecia (of scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes) and microcephaly are additionally observed features. Intellectual disability, inguinal hernia and epilepsy may also be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1974. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic, syndromic retinal disorder characterized by the association of retinitis pigmentosa, hypopituitarism, nephronophthisis, and skeletal dysplasia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndrome characterized by congenital ptosis and posterior fusion of the lumbosacral vertebrae. It has been described in a mother and her two daughters. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Pericardial and diaphragmatic defect is a rare combination of absent pericardium with congenital diaphragmatic defect. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Neuroectodermal endocrine syndrome |
Is a |
False |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic neurological disease characterized by silvery hair, profound dysfunction of central nervous system, abnormal melanocytes and melanosomes and abnormal inclusion bodies in fibroblast and other cells. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by urinary tract anomalies, nephrosis, conductive deafness, and digital malformations, including short and bifid distal phalanges of thumbs and big toes. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1962. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| This syndrome is characterized by the association of microtia, eye coloboma, and imperforation of the nasolacrimal duct. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| LIG4 syndrome is a hereditary disorder associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms and characterized by microcephaly, unusual facial features, growth and developmental delay, skin anomalies, and pancytopenia, which is associated with combined immunodeficiency (CID). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, life-threatening developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by polysyndactyly of fingers and toes as well as complex congenital heart defects (e.g. atrioventricular septal defects, aortic dextroposition, single ventricle, hypo- or hypertrophy of one side of the heart). Additional features may include dysmorphic traits (large fontanel, high forehead, ptosis, hypertelorism, epicanthus, low-set malformed ears, prominent root of the nose, bulbous nose, anteverted nares, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, micrognathism, hirsutism, single transverse crease) nail hypoplasia, phalange agenesis/hypoplasia, flexion contractures, polysplenia, multiple hepatic/renal cysts, atrophic biliary vesicle, ductal plate malformation and genital anomalies (e.g. micropenis, undescended testes, hypoplastic scrotum). The syndrome is usually fatal in utero or in infancy, but survival cases have been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), also known as Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome, is characterized by the specific association of large and late-closing fontanels, hypertelorism, early-onset cataract and mild generalized skeletal dysplasia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A disorder defining by the association of Perineal hemangioma, External genitalia malformations, Lipomyelomeningocele, Vesicorenal abnormalities, Imperforate anus, and Skin tag. Eleven cases have been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by the association of auricular abnormalities (such as external ear abnormalities and postauricular pits) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Additional manifestations include myopia, nystagmus, and retinal pigment abnormalities. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| TARP syndrome is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by Robin sequence (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate), atrial septal defect, persistence of the left superior vena cava, and talipes equinovarus. The phenotype is variable, some patients present with further dysmorphic characteristics (e.g. hypertelorism, ear abnormalities) while others do not have any key findings. Additional features, such as syndactyly, polydactyly, or brain anomalies (e.g. cerebellar hypoplasia), have also been reported. The syndrome is almost invariably lethal with affected males either dying prenatally or living just a few months. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| McCune Albright syndrome (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndromic central nervous system malformation characterized by the association of conotruncal heart defects, myelomeningocele and craniofacial dysmorphism similar to that seen in monosomy 22q11. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndrome with limb malformations as a major feature characterized by congenital scalp defects and postaxial polydactyly type A. There is a wide variability of expression, with some patients showing only one of the typical manifestations. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare primary bone defect, described only in a mother and her three daughters to date, characterized by short stature, hip dislocation, minor vertebral and pelvic changes, and microtia with hearing loss. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndromic intestinal malformation characterized by the association of marfanoid features (including marfanoid habitus, severe myopia, retinal detachment, and mitral valve prolapse) with visceral diverticula (inguinal and/or femoral hernia and diverticula of the large and small bowel or urinary bladder). Some patients also had diaphragmatic eventration. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Hydrocephaly-tall stature-joint laxity syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in two sisters and characterized by the presence of hydrocephalus (onset in infancy), tall stature, joint laxity, and thoracolumbar kyphosis. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A very rare syndrome described in four siblings of one French family and characterized by branchial dysplasia (malar hypoplasia, macrostomia, preauricular tags and meatal atresia), club feet, inguinal herniae and cholestasis due to paucity of interlobular bile ducts and intellectual deficit. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome is a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by an encephalopathy which predominantly occurs in the first year of life and presenting as psychomotor delay. Additional features of the disease include moderate dysmorphia, craniosynostosis, dwarfism (due to growth hormone deficiency), intellectual disability, spasticity, ataxia, retinal degeneration, and adrenal and uterine hypoplasia. The disease has been described in only two families, with each family having two affected siblings. An autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by premature closure of metopic sutures and/or other sutures, short stature, and developmental delay. Dysmorphic features include trigonocephaly, metopic ridge, narrow forehead, bitemporal narrowing, arched eyebrows, hypotelorism, deep-set eyes, epicanthal folds, strabismus, wide nasal bridge, small pointed nose, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, low-set ears, malar flattening, narrow mouth, thin lips, high-arched palate, crowded teeth, and micrognathia. Variable additional manifestations may include conductive hearing loss, cerebral (mainly involving the white matter), skeletal (e.g. brachymesophalangy of the fifth fingers), cardiovascular and renal anomalies, inguinal hernia, hypospadias, and seizures. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Deafness-vitiligo-achalasia syndrome is characterized by the association of deafness, short stature, vitiligo, muscle wasting, and achalasia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, marfanoid habitus, microcephaly, and glomerulonephritis. There have been no further reports since 1992. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Metaphyseal dysostosis-intellectual disability-conductive deafness syndrome is characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia, short-limb dwarfism, mild intellectual deficit and conductive hearing loss, associated with repeated episodes of otitis media in childhood. It has been described in three brothers born to consanguineous Sicilian parents. Variable manifestations included hyperopia and strabismus. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ichthyosis-intellectual disability-dwarfism-renal impairment syndrome is characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, intellectual deficit, dwarfism and renal impairment. It has been described in four members of one Iranian family. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, choroideremia, horizontal nystagmus, severe myopia, acrokeratosis verruciformis-like skin abnormality, anhidrosis, and scapular winging. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1959. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An extremely rare syndrome reported in two siblings of non-consanguineous parents that is characterized by the association of ocular abnormalities (partial aniridia, congenital glaucoma, telecanthus) with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, unilateral renal agenesis and mild psychomotor delay. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1974. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome most commonly characterized by megalocornea, congenital hypotonia, varying degrees of intellectual disability, psychomotor/developmental delay, seizures, and mild facial dysmorphism (including round face, frontal bossing, epicanthal folds, large low set ears, broad nasal base, anteverted nostrils, and long upper lip). Interfamilial and intrafamilial clinical variability has been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema or intellectual disability (MCLID) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by variable expression of microcephaly, ocular disorders including chorioretinopathy, congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndrome with 46,XY disorder of sex development characterized by mild developmental delay and streak gonads associated with short stature, cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities (the latter including scalp defects and unusual hair whorls), and dysmorphic facial features (such as preauricular pits, short columella, and small nares). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1980. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare disorder of sex development characterized by primary amenorrhea and ambiguous external genitalia (enlarged clitoris with marked fusion of the labioscrotal folds) in association with skeletal anomalies (such as hypoplasia of the mandibular condyles and the maxilla, and ulnar dislocation of the radial heads), in the presence of a 46,XX karyotype and regular ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1972. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by a normal female karyotype, normal ovaries, male or ambiguous genitalia, urinary tract malformations (ranging from bilateral renal agenesis to mild unilateral hydronephrosis), Mullerian duct anomalies (e.g. complete absence of the uterus and vagina, bicornuate uterus), and imperforate anus. Additional features may include tracheoesophageal fistula, radial aplasia, and malrotation of the gut. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Thoraco-abdominal enteric duplication is a rare, syndromic intestinal malformation characterized by single or multiple smooth-walled, often tubular, cystic lesions, which on occasion contain ectopic gastric mucosa, located in the thorax (usually in the posterior mediastinum and to the right of the midline) and in the abdomen. Infants usually present with respiratory distress and older patients with heartburn, abdominal pain, vomiting and/or melena. Vertebral anomalies in the lower cervical spine, with CNS involvement, are frequently present and complications, such as bowel obstruction, perforation and intussusception, have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ectodermal dysplasia-intellectual disability-central nervous system malformation syndrome is a rare, multiple developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by the triad of ectodermal dysplasia (mostly hypohidrotic with dry skin and reduced sweating and sparse, fair scalp hair, eyebrows and eyelashes), severe intellectual disability and variable central nervous system anomalies (cerebellar hypoplasia, dilatation of ventricles, corpus callosum agenesis, Dandy-Walker malformation). Distinct craniofacial dysmorphism with macrocephaly, frontal bossing, midfacial hypoplasia and high arched or cleft palate, as well as cryptorchidism, feeding difficulties and hypotonia, are associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1998. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterised by the variable combination of multiple anomalies, mainly Coloboma; Choanal atresia/stenosis; Cranial nerve dysfunction; Characteristic ear anomalies (known as the major 4 C's). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Goldenhar syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Cleft palate-large ears-small head syndrome is a rare, genetic syndrome characterized by cleft palate, large protruding ears, microcephaly and short stature (prenatal onset). Other skeletal abnormalities (delayed bone age, distally tapering fingers, hypoplastic distal phalanges, proximally placed thumbs, fifth finger clinodactyly), Pierre Robin sequence, cystic renal dysplasia, proximal renal tubular acidosis, hypospadias, cerebral anomalies on imaging (enlargement of lateral ventricles, mild cortical atrophy), seizures, hypotonia and developmental delay are also observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by conductive hearing loss due to atresia of the external auditory canal and the middle ear complicated by chronic infection, ptosis and skeletal anomalies (internal rotation of hips, dislocation of the radial heads and fifth finger clinodactyly). In addition, a thin, pinched nose, delayed hair growth and dysplastic teeth are associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1978. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, delayed motor and language development and intellectual disability, in addition to ophthalmological abnormalities (e.g. oculomotor apraxia, strabismus, amblyopia, retinal dystrophy and myopia). Cerebellar cysts, cerebellar dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are also characteristic of the disease. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by wormian bones, dextrocardia and short stature due to a growth hormone deficiency. Additional manifestations that have been reported include brachycamptodactyly, kidney hypoplasia, bilateral cryptorchidism, midshaft hypospadias, imperforate anus/anorectal agenesis, body asymmetry, mild developmental delay, hemimegalencephaly and facial dysmorphism (hypotelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears, depressed nasal bridge, and microstomia). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, mild to severe neurological manifestations (intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, dystonia), and urogenital anomalies (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia, ambiguous genitalia). Additionally, skeletal anomalies (limb contractures, scoliosis), dysmorphic facial features (prominent supraorbital ridges, synophrys, large eyes) and optic atrophy have been observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Oculoauricular syndrome, Schorderet type is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by various ophthalmic anomalies (including congenital microphthalmia, microcornea, cataract, anterior segment dysgenesis, ocular coloboma and early onset rod-cone dystrophy) and abnormal external ears (low-set pinna with crumpled helix, narrow intertragic incisures, abnormal bridge connecting the crus of the helix and the antihelix, narrow external acoustic meatus, and lobule aplasia). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome is rare central nervous system malformation syndrome characterised by bilateral porencephaly, absence of the septum pellucidum and cerebellar hypoplasia with absent vermis. Additionally, dysmorphic facial features (hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, high arched palate, prominent metopic suture), macrocephaly, corneal clouding, situs inversus, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defects and/or seizures have been observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by the presence of diffuse pachygyria and arachnoid cysts, psychomotor developmental delay and intellectual disability. Seizures (absence, atonic and generalized tonic-clonic) and, on occasion, headache are also associated. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Pectus excavatum-macrocephaly-dysplastic nails syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by relative macrocephaly, pectus excavatum, short stature, nail dysplasia, and motor developmental delay (that resolves during childhood). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Postaxial polydactyly-anterior pituitary anomalies-facial dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized primarily by congenital hypopituitarism and/or postaxial polydactyly. It can be associated with short stature, delayed bone age, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and/or midline facial defects (e.g. hypotelorism, mild midface hypoplasia, flat nasal bridge, and cleft lip and/or palate). Hypoplastic anterior pituitary and ectopic posterior pituitary lobe are frequent findings on MRI examination. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Spina bifida-hypospadias syndrome is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by the specific association of glandular hypospadias and lumbo-sacral spina bifida. Affected individuals may or may not present additional congenital anomalies, such as hydrocephaly, microstomia, patent ductus arteriosus, cryptorchidism, intestinal malrotation, rocker-bottom feet, and hypertrichosis. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia is a rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by the triad of pancreatic fibrosis (and cysts, with a reduction of parenchymal tissue), renal dysplasia (with peripheral cortical cysts, primitive collecting ducts, glomerular cysts and metaplastic cartilage) and hepatic dysgenesis (enlarged portal areas containing numerous elongated binary profiles with a tendency to perilobular fibrosis). Situs abnormalities, skeletal anomalies and anencephaly have also been associated. Patients that survive the neonatal period present renal insufficiency, chronic jaundice and insulin-dependent diabetes. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, skeletal abnormalities (such as brachydactyly and vertebral anomalies), obesity, cardiac, respiratory, and genitourinary anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features (including coarse facies, thick eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, short, upturned nose, and long philtrum). Additional reported manifestations are microcephaly, hearing impairment, cataract, and gastroesophageal reflux. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Branchiootic syndrome is a rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by second branchial arch anomalies (branchial cysts and fistulae), malformations of the outer, middle and inner ear associated with sensorineural, mixed or conductive hearing loss, and the absence of renal abnormalities. Typical ear findings consist of malformed auricles (e.g. lop or cupped ears), preauricular pits and/or tags, and middle and/or inner ear dysplasias (including cochlear, vestibular and semicircular channel hypoplasia, malformation of the ossicles and of middle ear space). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Intellectual disability, Birk-Barel type is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital central hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate to severe intellectual disability and subtle dysmorphic features which evolve over time (dolichocephaly, myopathic facies, ptosis, short and broad philtrum, tented upper lip vermillion, palatal anomalies, mild micro- and/or retrognathia). Patients present reduced facial movements, lethargy, weak cry, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, severe feeding difficulties and failure to thrive. Dysphagia, particularly of solid food, asthenic body build, joint contractures and scoliosis are additional features. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Colobomatous microphthalmia-rhizomelic dysplasia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by a range of developmental eye anomalies (including anophthalmia, microphthalmia, colobomas, microcornea, corectopia, cataract) and symmetric limb rhizomelia with short stature and contractures of large joints. Intellectual disability with autistic features, macrocephaly, dysmorphic features, urogenital anomalies (hypospadia, cryptorchidism), cutaneous syndactyly and precocious puberty may also be present. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Intellectual disability-myopathy-short stature-endocrine defect syndrome is a rare congenital myopathy syndrome characterized by nonprogressive myopathy (manifesting with mild facial and generalized weakness, bilateral ptosis, and severe lumbar lordosis), severe intellectual disability, short stature, and sexual infantilism (due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). The presence of a small pituitary fossa was also noted. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Focal epilepsy-intellectual disability-cerebro-cerebellar malformation is a rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by early infantile-onset of seizures, borderline to moderate intellectual disability, cerebellar features including dysarthria and ataxia and cerebellar atrophy and cortical thickening observed on MRI imaging. Seizures are typically focal (with prominent eye blinking, facial and limb jerking), precipitated by fever and often commence with an oral sensory aura (anesthetized tongue sensation). When not properly controlled by anti-epileptic medication, weekly frequency and persistence into adult life is observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies characterized by deafness and defects in neural crest-derived structures, including pigmentation anomalies of the eyes, hair, and skin. Four clinical phenotypes are associated with the term Waardenburg syndrome (WS). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability and mild dysmorphic features. Early symptoms include hypotonia, delayed development of motor skills, speech delay, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and fingers with tapered ends. Other features include microcephaly, seizures, recurrent ear infections, strabismus, amblyopia and hyperopia. Behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, aggression, anxiety and autism spectrum occur in some cases. Caused by mutations in the HIVEP2 gene leading to a shortage of functional HIVEP2 protein. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutations in the gene. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Alstrom syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability associated with short stature, obesity, primary hypogonadism and an ichthyosiform skin condition. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare disorder characterized by growth retardation with prenatal onset, cataracts, microcephaly, intellectual deficit, immune deficiency, delayed ossification and enamel hypoplasia. It has been described in two siblings. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by congenital manifestations of both oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and caudal regression sequence. Phenotype is highly variable but patients typically present facial dysmorphism (including asymmetry, hypertelorism), auricular abnormalities (e.g. preauricular tags, microtia, absence of middle ear ossicles), skeletal malformations (hemivertebrae, hip dislocation, sacral agenesis/dysplasia, talipes equinovarus, flexion deformity of lower limbs), cardiac defects (dextrocardia, septal defects), renal and genitourinary anomalies (such as renal agenesis/dysplasia, abnormal external genitalia, cryptorchidism), as well as anal anomalies such as anal atresia and rectovesical fistula. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Lowe-Kohn-Cohen syndrome is an extremely rare anorectal malformation syndrome characterized by imperforate anus, closed ano-perineal fistula, preauricular skin tag and absent renal abnormalities and pre-axial limb deformities. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by the association of complete, partial or submucous cleft palate and ankyloglossia. Patients may also present abnormal uvula (e.g. absent, bifid, shortened or laterally deviated), short lingual frenulum and dental anomalies (e.g. buccal crossbite, absent and/or misshapen teeth). Digital abnormalities, such as mild clinodactyly and/or syndactyly, have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly which causes a congenital malformation disorder that is typically characterized by cardiac defects, palatal anomalies, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay and immune deficiency. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia (LAMM) is a genetic transmission deafness syndrome. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Microcephaly-brain defect-spasticity-hypernatremia syndrome is a rare congenital genetic syndrome with a central nervous system malformation as a major feature characterized by microcephaly, hypertonia, developmental delay and cognitive impairment, swallowing difficulty, hypernatremia, and hypoplasia of the frontal parts and fusion of the lateral ventricles on brain MRI. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disease characterized by progressive postnatal microcephaly and global developmental delay, as well as moderate to profound intellectual disability, difficulty or inability to walk, pyramidal signs (including spasticity, hyperreflexia and extensor plantar response) and thin corpus callosum revealed by brain imaging. Ophthalmologic signs (including nystagmus, strabismus and abnormal retinal pigmentation), foot deformity and genital anomalies may also be associated. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Extrasystoles-short stature-hyperpigmentation-microcephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic, malformation syndrome with short stature characterised by microcephaly, borderline intellectual disability, hyperpigmentation of the skin, short stature, and ventricular extrasystoles. Cardiac syncope may also be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1975. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Imperforate oropharynx-costovertebral anomalies syndrome is a dysostosis with predominant vertebral and costal involvement characterized by oropharyngeal atresia, mild mandibulofacial dysostosis, auricular malformations, and costovertebral anomalies (hemivertebrae, block vertebra, partial fusion of the ribs, absent ribs). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| X-linked colobomatous microphthalmia-microcephaly-intellectual disability-short stature syndrome is a rare syndromic microphthalmia disorder characterized by microphthalmia with coloboma (which may involve the iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina and/or optic nerve), microcephaly, short stature and intellectual disability. Other eye abnormalities such as pendular nystagmus, esotropia and ptosis may also be present. Additional associated abnormalities include kyphoscoliosis, anteverted pinnae with minimal convolutions, diastema of the incisors and congenital pes varus. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| PARC syndrome is a rare genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by the association of congenital poikiloderma (P), generalized alopecia (A), retrognathism (R) and cleft palate (C). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Pseudoleprechaunism syndrome, Patterson type is a rare, genetic, adrenal disorder characterized by congenital bronzed hyperpigmentation, cutis laxa of the hands and feet, body disproportion (comprising large hands, feet, nose and ears), hirsutism and severe intellectual disability. Patients additionally present hyperadrenocorticism, cushingoid features, premature adrenarche and diabetes mellitus, as well as skeletal deformities (not present at birth and which progress with age). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
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